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LS 2 FINAL > LS FINAL MISCELLANEOUS > Flashcards

LS FINAL MISCELLANEOUS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of bonding?

A

Covalent bond, ionic bond, hydrogen bond, van der waals

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2
Q

Describe the process of G-protein coupled receptor

A
  1. Ligand binds to G-protein receptor
  2. Changes conformation of G protein, GDP dissociates and unbinds from it, GTP reassociates and binds
  3. alpha subunit of activated and translocates to adenylcyclase
  4. cAMP forms (second messenger)
  5. cAMP binds to protein kinase (pka), which phosphorylates
  6. leads to altering of DNA expression
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3
Q

What are the 4 macromolecules?

A

Proteins, lipids, carbs, nucleic acids

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4
Q

Why is lipid not considered a macromolecule?

A

Not big enough to be macromolecule

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5
Q

What are characteristics of the amino acid tyrosine?

A

Polar uncharged, hydrophilic

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6
Q

What are the properties of water?

A

solvent of life, cohesion, high surface tension, high specific heat (temp. moderation), exists in liquid, solid, gas state

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7
Q

What are the 2 pathways of cell respiration?

A

Anaerobic (w/o O) and aerobic (w/ O)

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8
Q

What cells are the first line of defense?

A

Neutrophils

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9
Q

What is sickle cell anemia?

A

inadequate delivery of oxygen; Mutation of hemoglobin, changing conformation due to change in amino acid from glutamic acid to valine. Blood accumulates in bloodstream, leads to traffic jam

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10
Q

True or False: Curare causes muscle overactivation while DIPF causes muscle relaxation.

A

False! Curare leads to muscle relaxation, DIPF leads to muscle activation

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11
Q

What is Digital Subtraction Angiography used for?

A

To observe blood vessels and look for artery clogs leading to heart attack; process is xenon inhalation and taking image of vessel

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12
Q

What is covalent bond?

A

Sharing of electrons (nonpolar-equal sharing; polar-unequal sharing)

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13
Q

True of False: Phospholipid bilayer consists of hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head.

A

TRUE :D

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14
Q

What does the hydrophilic head consist of?

A

Choline, phosphate, glycerol

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15
Q

What does hydrophobic tail consist of?

A

Fatty acid chains

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of junctions?

A

Gap, Desmosome, Tight

17
Q

What neurotransmitter is used in neuromuscular junctions?

A

Ach (acetylcholine)

18
Q

In off center, what happens when you shine light on the center of eyes.

A

Inhibits ganglion

19
Q

What is gap junction?

A

exchange of material between cells; ensures synchrony; found in brain, heart for electrical communication

20
Q

What is exergonic reaction?

A

Energy released (more energy in reactants than products); spontaneous rxn

21
Q

True of False: Gibbs free energy is negative in endergonic reaction.

A

False! Gibbs energy is positive in endergonic reaction.

Endergonic reaction: energy is absorbed; nonspontaneous; more energy in products than reactants

22
Q

What is function of smooth ER?

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum has no ribosomes; lipid synthesis, detox drugs, metabolize carbs, ion (Ca) storage

23
Q

What is an example of secondary active transport?

A

Glucose and Na cotransporter: indirectly using energy from Na (active transport) concentration gradient to move glucose into cell
-Na is going against concentration gradient (low to high) and glucose takes free ride inside

24
Q

True of False: Protein synthesis requires 4 structures.

A

False. There are 4 structures (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary) but proteins are functionable and ready at end of tertiary structure.

25
Q

What is FH? What does it stand for?

A

Familial hypocholesterolemia: inadequate storage of cholesterol due to lack/defectiveness of LDL (low density lipoprotein), which takes cholesterol from blood into liver. There is accumulation of cholesterol in blood causing high cholesterol, heart disease

26
Q

What is diapedisis?

A

When the macrophage/phagocytes exit the blood stream into tissue to infected area.

27
Q

True or false: histamine causes edema to occur.

A

True! Edema is swelling of area surrounding infection.

28
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

complete transfer of electrons

29
Q

What is the difference between amylopectin and amylose?

A

idontknow

LS 2 FINAL (1 decks)

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