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LS Final exam Flashcards

1
Q

what are the physical changes of ageing

A
  1. Osteoporosis
  2. arthritis
  3. reproductive changes
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2
Q

Osteoporosis

A

disease in which bones become porous and easy to break

Wear and tear disease, common in manual labor, athletes

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3
Q

Arthritis

A

a disease of the joints that affects different joints and causes different types of pain

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4
Q

Climacteric

A

the biological process during which women pass from their reproductive to non-reproductive years

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5
Q

Perimenopause

A

the transition from regular menstruation to menopause

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6
Q

Menopause

A

the point at which menstruation stops

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7
Q

what are some of the effects and symptoms of hormonal changes during menopause

A

hot flashes, night sweats, headaches, mood changes, low libido,

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8
Q

Estrogen loss after menopause can lead to

A

osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and incontinence

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9
Q

what is Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT)

A

counter symptoms associated with menopause

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10
Q

what reproductive changes do men experience in middle age?

A

Gradual decline in testosterone levels and quantity of sperm

Prostate gland enlarges and becomes stiffer

Prostate cancer is a risk

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11
Q

Practical Intelligence

A

skills related to how individuals shape, select, or adapt to their environments,

“real-life” situations, different from fluid and crystallized intelligence

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12
Q

what are the differences in adult learning compared to other learning

A

​​Need to know why they are learning something before undertaking it

Enter a learning situation with more and different experiences to build on

Prefer to learn things that are necessary for real-world problems

Are more motivated to learn by internal factors rather than external factors

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13
Q

whats the 5 factor trait model

A

Neuroticism: those high on this dimension are anxious, hostile, self-conscious, and impulsive

Extraversion: those high on this dimension love social interaction, talking, stimulation, etc.

Openness to experience: those high on this dimension have a vivid imagination and are willing to try new things

Agreeableness: those high on this dimension are accepting, cooperative, and caring

Conscientiousness: those high on this dimension tend to be hardworking, ambitious, and energetic

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14
Q

Stagnation

A

state in which people are unable to deal with the needs of their children or to provide mentoring

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15
Q

Generativity

A

being productive by helping others to ensure the continuation of society by guiding the next generation

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16
Q

whats eriksans 7th stage

A

stagnation vs genertivity

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17
Q

kinkeeper

A

the person who gathers family members together for celebrations and keeps them in touch with one another

Usually a middle-aged mother

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18
Q

Sandwich Generation

A

middle-aged adults who are caught between the competing demands of two generations — their parents and their children
Positive and negative implications

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19
Q

negative implications of the sandwich generation

A

Conflict from needing to care for both parents and one’s own children

The financial cost

stress: trouble coping with declines in parent’s functioning and the loss of their previous relationship

If caregiving infringes on other responsibilities, the situation is likely to be perceived as negative

Feelings of depression, resentment, and guilt are experienced

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20
Q

filial obligation

A

a sense of obligation to care for one’s parents if necessary

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21
Q

Positive implications of the sandwich generation

A

Brings parents and adult children closer together; provides a sense of “giving back”

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22
Q

boomerang kids

A

College debt, poor economic situation, and unavailability of jobs are mostly to blame for coming home

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23
Q

grandparents

A

No matter their grandparenting style, grandparents find the role meaningful

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24
Q

caring for grandchildren

A

Perform societal functions that characterize being a grandparent (e.g., passing on family history)
Perform functions to gain personal satisfaction

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25
Two major theories of aging
Programmed theories, and Damage or error theories
26
Damage or error theories
Wear-and-tear theory Cellular theories
27
Programmed theories
a biological clock in which cells start to self-destruct
28
Two types of neuron changes
Neurofibrillary tangles Neuritic plaques
29
Neurofibrillary tangles
masses formed when fibers in axons become twisted together
30
Neuritic plaques
changes produced when damaged and dying neurons collect around a core of protein
31
cardiovascular and respiratory problems that increase with age.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Stroke or cerebral vascular accident (CVA)
32
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD
most common form of incapacitating respiratory disease among older adults (emphysema-smoking)
33
Stroke or cerebral vascular accident (CVA):
caused by an interruption of blood flow in the brain due to blockage or hemorrhage
34
Explicit memory
deliberate and conscious remembering of information learned and remembered at a specific time
35
two types of explicit memory
episodic and semantic
36
episodic memory
conscious recollection of information from a specific time or event
37
Semantic memory
remembering meanings of words or concepts not tied to a specific time or event
38
implicit memory
the unconscious remembering of information learned at an earlier point in time
39
Dementia
a family of diseases involving serious impairment of behavioral and cognitive functioning
40
alzteimers
Autosomal dominant inheritance Abnormal buildup of certain proteins Build-up leads to tangles and plaques Healthy neurons stop functioning, die
41
Autosomal dominant inheritance
the presence of certain genes means that there is a 100% chance of the person eventually getting the disease
42
parkinsins disease
a brain disease known for its characteristic motor symptoms Very slow walking, difficulty getting in and out of chairs, and slow hand tremor Caused by a decrease of dopamine in brain Treated with medication and surgery
43
what are the brain-changing effects of excirsize for people with dementia and Alzheimers
Creates new neural networks, stimulates attention and learning.
44
Intrinsic goals
personally gratifying
45
Extrinsic goals
Money/prestige
46
Integrity vs. despair
the process in late life when people try to make sense of their lives
47
Life review
the process by which people reflect on the events and experiences of their lifetimes
48
in Erikson's last stage integrity vs despair, how must one achieve integrity
To achieve integrity, they must accept the choices they made and become self-accepting
49
what's the importance of spiritually later in life
Religious adults have better physical and mental health than those who are not religious Accepting what you can't change and handing it over to god.
50
whats hard about retirement and what can help
Forced retirement can be hard Retires must stay social by volunteering and staying social
51
Activities of daily living (ADLs)
basic self-care tasks such as eating, bathing, toileting, walking, and dressing
52
Instrumental activities of daily living
actions that require some intellectual competence and planning
53
Sense of place
the cognitive and emotional attachments that a person puts on their place of residence
54
Green House Project
small neighborhood homes for 6-10 residents High level of care Determine schedule, Report better quality of life. less decline in ability to carry out ADLs compared with traditional nursing home
55
what are the different types of elder abuse
financial, emotional, physical, mental
56
whats the problem with the social security and medicare system currently
By 2030, there will be nearly twice as many people collecting Social Security per worker paying into the system Medicare is funded by a payroll tax Faces the same dilemma as Social Security
57
Wear-and-tear theory
suggests that the body (like a machine) gradually deteriorates and finally wears out
58
Cellular theories
processes occurring in individual cells, the buildup of harmful substances or the deterioration of cells
59
Euthanasia
The practice of ending the lifefor reasoning of mercy
60
active Euthanasia
The deliberate ending of someones life. Ex; Administering a a drug overdose
61
Passive Euthanasia
Allowing the person to die by withholding available treatment ex; disconnecting ventilator, not getting chemotherapy, etc
62
Physician-Assisted Suicide
the process in which physicians provide lethal amount of drugs and patient administers.
63
Death with dignitiy act (1994)
Three requests must be made by the patient, spaced 15 days apart Screened for issues such as depression, mentally competent Given alternatives.
64
Kubler-Ross Theory
How people react to the process of death Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
65
Coping process
Acknowledging reality of loss Woking through emotional turmoil Adjusting to an environment in which the deceased is absent Losing ties to the deceased.
66
Grief
Grief is the sorrow, hurt, anger, confusion, and other feelings that arise after experiencing loss.
67
Nature/nurture
Are personal characteristics inherited (nature) or brought about by the environment (nurture)
68
continuity/discontinuity
do personal characteristics remain the same, or progress smoothly (continuity), or are they a series of abrupt shifts (discontinuity)
69
Universal vs. Context specific issue
Is there just one developmental path or several.
70
What are Ericksens 8 stages of psychological development
1. Basic trust vs. mistrust 2. autonomy vs. shame 3. Initiative vs guilt 4. industry vs. inferiority 5. identity vs. identity confusion 6. intimacy vs. isolation 7. generatively vs. stagnation 8. integrity vs. despair
71
What are Piaget's four stages of cognitive development
1. sensorimotor 2. pre-operational thought 3. concrete and operational thought 4. formal operational thought
72
True attachment
Single out the attachment figure and show her trust, Separation anxiety
73
Reciprocal relationships
Separation protests decline, increasing cognitive and language skills, begin to understand parents’ goals
74
Secure attachment
Baby may/may not cry when mother leaves the room, but wants to be with her when she returns, 60-65% of American babies display this
75
Avoidant attachment
Baby doesn't cry when mother leaves, and looks away from her when she returns.
76
Resistant attachment
Baby is upset when mother leaves, still upset and hard to console when she returns.
77
Disorganized attachment
Baby is confused when mother leaves and returns; acts in contradictory ways towards mother.
78
Authoritarian parenting
parents lay down rules and expect them to be followed without discussion
79
Authoritative parenting
parents explain rules and encourage discussion
80
Permissive parenting
parents generally accept their child’s behavior and punish infrequently
81
Uninvolved parenting
parents do little else but provide for child’s basic needs
82
What are the brain changes in brain development during adolesence
1. Working memory and processing speed 2. Content Knowledge 3. Strategies and metacognition 4. Problem-solving and reasoning
83
Working memory and processing speed state during adolescence
Adolescents have adult-like working memory capacity and processing speed, enabling them to process information efficiently.
84
Content knowledge state during adolescence
Adolescents' greater knowledge of the world facilitates understanding and memory of new experiences
85
Strategies and metacognition state during adolescence
Adolescents are better able to identify task-appropriate strategies and monitor the effectiveness of those strategies.
86
Problem solving and reasoning
Adolescents solve problems analytically using mathematics or logic able to detect weaknesses in scientific evidence and logical arguments
87
Gardner's theory of multiple intelligence
dismissed the idea of general intelligence proposed 9 distinct intelligence neurological basis, but requires education over time to develop
88
Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence
using abilities to achieve personal goals, Analytic ability, Creative ability, and Practical ability
89
Adolescent egocentrism
a teen’s focus on his/her own feelings and experiences
90
Often characterized by an imaginary audience
the belief that their peers are constantly watching them
91
Personal fable:
belief that their own experiences and feelings are unique and no one has ever felt like this before
92
Illusion of invulnerability
belief that misfortune only happens to others
93
Fluid intelligence:
the abilities that make people flexible and adaptive thinkers, allow them to make inferences and enable Includes reasoning and abstract thinking
94
Crystallized intelligence
knowledge acquired through life experience and education in a particular culture
95
5 steps in emerging adulthood
1. identity exploration 2. age of instability - frequent changes: jobs residence, relationships 3. age of self-focus - less obligated to others 4. age of feeling in between 5. age of possibilities
96
Vygotsky's proximal development theory
the idea that infants develop new social and cognitive skills through interactions with older individuals

final exams (3 decks)

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