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Pharmacology Exam #3 > LRTS > Flashcards

LRTS Flashcards

1
Q

What is a common organism infection in tracheitis?

A

S. aureus

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2
Q

What is a common organism infection in chronic bronchitis

A

M. catarrhalis
S. pneumonaiae
H. Influenza

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3
Q

Define Bronchitis

A

inflammation of walls of bronchi and bronchioles causing narrowing

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4
Q

Define Bronchiectasis

A

Widening of the bronchi and bronchioles

Excessive mucous production that narrows the bronchial tree

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5
Q

Who does acute bronchitis occur in?

A

All ages

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6
Q

Who does chronic bronchitis occur in?

A

Adults

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7
Q

Who does bronchiolitis occur in?

A

Infants

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8
Q

What is the most common microbial cause for acute bronchiolitis?

A

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

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9
Q

Who would we consider Ribavirin treatment in for acute bronchiolitis?

A

Patients with:

  1. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
  2. Congenital heart dz
  3. Premature
  4. Immunodeficiency
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10
Q

Who would we consider prophylaxis against RSV in?

A

Patients with underlying pulmonary or CV disease

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11
Q

Prophylaxis treatment

A
  1. RSV immune globulin

2. Palivizumab-Preferred

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12
Q

How do we administer Palivizumab?

A

IM or IV infusion monthly

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13
Q

Palivizumab ADEs

A
  1. Fever
  2. Rash
  3. Antibody formation
  4. Rare anaphylaxis
  5. Thrombocytopenia
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14
Q

What are the most common causes of acute bronchitis?

A

LRI pathogens:

  1. Influenza virus
  2. Adenovirus
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15
Q

What pathogens do we see in children?

A

Adults viruses + Parainfluenza virus

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16
Q

What is a frequent bacterial cause of acute bronchitis?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae-“Walking pneumonia”

17
Q

Abx treatment for acute bronchitis

A
  1. Azithromycin

2. Respiratory Fluoroquinolone

18
Q

What is the hallmark definition of chronic bronchitis?

A
  1. Cough for 3 mos. for 2. years
  2. Excessive sputum production
  3. Expectoration w/ persistent presence of microorganisms in pt’s sputum
19
Q

Chronic bronchitis treatment

A
  1. Mobilize and enhance sputum expectoration-Chest physiotherapy, humidification of inspired air
  2. Oxygen
  3. Aerosolized bronchodilator- Albuterol
  4. Abx if warranted
20
Q

What are the most common bacterial pathogens in sputum in chronic bronchitis?

A
  1. H. ifluenza
  2. M. catarrhalis
  3. S. pneumoniae
21
Q

Abx treatment for chronic bronchitis

A
  1. Doxycycline
  2. Amoxicillin
  3. TMP/SMZ
22
Q

What is the MC pathogen causing CAP?

A

S. pneumoniae

23
Q

What organism is only seen in <1 month?

A

Listeria

24
Q

List first generation cephalosporin and clinical use

A

Cephalexin

Skin, soft tissue, UTI

25
Q

List second generation cephalosporin and clinical use

A

Cefotetan, Cefoxtin

More active vs. S.pneumoniae, H.influenza

26
Q

List third generation cephalosporin and clinical use

A 
Ceftriaxone, Cefixime
Crosses intro CNS: 
-Pneumonia
-Meiningitis
-Gonorrhea
-Beta-lactamase stable
27
Q

List fourth generation cephalosporin and clinical use

A

Cefipime

Pseudomonas coverage

28
Q

List fifth generation cephalosporin and clinical use

A

Ceftaroline

CAP, skin

29
Q

Carbapenems (Beta-Lactam) SE’s

A

CNS effects:

  • Confusion
  • Seizures
30
Q

Carbapenems (Beta-Lactam) coverage

A
  • Broad spectrum
  • Grame (-) rods
  • Pseudomonas

Pharmacology Exam #3 (6 decks)

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