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RUSVM Gross Anatomy I Red '16 > LRC 2 > Flashcards

LRC 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which 4 muscles flex the hip?

A
  1. Quadriceps femoris - rectus femoris
  2. Sartorius
  3. Tensor fascia latae
  4. Iliopsoas
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2
Q

Which 4 muscles rotate the pelvic limb laterally?

A
  1. Internal obturator
  2. Gemelli
  3. Quadratus femoris
  4. External obturator
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3
Q

What muscles make up the four small pelvic association muscles?

A
  1. Internal obturator
  2. Gemelli
  3. Quadratus femoris
  4. External obturator
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4
Q

Which 3 muscles can either extend or flex the stifle depending on the position of the limb?

A
  1. Biceps femoris
  2. Semimembranosus
  3. Sartorius
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5
Q

Where does the nuchal ligament start and end in the dog? What about the horse?

A

Dog: C2-T1

Horse: Nuchal crest on the skull - T1

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6
Q

What are the four muscles that contribute to the longissimis system?

A

Longissimis cervicis, longissimus capitis, longissimus lumborum and longissimus thoracis

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7
Q

What’s wrong with the horse in the image?

A

Prepubic tendon rupture

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8
Q

Which 3 muscles adduct the limb?

A
  1. Gracilis
  2. Pectineus
  3. Adductor
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9
Q

If you needed to take a CSF sample where would you take it from?

A

Between the atlas and the occipital condyles (atlanto-occipital joint)

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10
Q

What 8 muscles extend the hip?

A
  1. Biceps femoris
  2. Semitendinosus
  3. Semimembranosus
  4. Superficial gluteal muscle
  5. Middle gluteal muscle
  6. Deep gluteal muscle
  7. Adductor
  8. Gracilis
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11
Q

What muscles make up the hypaxial muscles?

A

Longus capitis

Longus colli

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12
Q

Name the joints shown in the image:

A

From most proximal to distal

Tibiotarsal joint

Proximal intertarsal joint

Distal intertarsal joint

Tarsometatarsal joint

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13
Q

Which ribs are considered “true ribs” and why?

A

Ribs 1-9

Because they connect to the sternum (vertbrosternal)

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14
Q

What muscle forms the cranial boarder of the femoral triangle?

A. Sartorius

B. Vastus medialis of the quadriceps femoris

C. Semimembranosus

D. Adductor

A

A. Sartorius

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15
Q

Which 3 muscles insert at the trochanteric fossa of the femur?

A
  1. Internal obturator
  2. Gemelli
  3. External obturator
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16
Q

What muscles make up the transversospinalis system?

A

Splenius

Semispinalis capitis: 2 parts

  1. Biventer cervicis
  2. Complexus
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17
Q

Which two muscles originate at the pelvis symphysis via the symphysial tendon?

A
  1. Gracilis
  2. Adductor
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18
Q

What is wrong with the horse in the following pictures?

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to sustained involvement of the abdominal muscles during forced expiration

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19
Q

Which vertebra is known as the anticlinal vertebra?

A

T11 - the spine is vertical

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20
Q

Which tendon is highlighted in green?

A

Cunean tendon

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21
Q

Which abdominal muscle is the most medially located?

A

Transversus abdominis

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22
Q

Which two muscles extend the stifle?

A
  1. Tensor fascia latae
  2. Quadriceps femoris (all heads)
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23
Q

What is the dorsal boundary of the pelvic inlet?

A

Sacral promontory

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24
Q

Which three muscles flex the tarsus?

A
  1. Cranial tibial
  2. Long digital extensor
  3. Fibularis longus
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25
Q

What articulates with the ilium to complete the pelvic girdle?

A

The auricular surface of the wing

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26
Q

What two spaces can be used for epidurals?

A

The sacrococcygeal space

and

the lumbosacral space

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27
Q

What are the two types of herniated discs?

A

Compressive and concussive

Type I Hansen’s disc herniation (ruptured through into the spinal cord)

Type II Hansen’s disc herniation (bulging)

28
Q

The heads of ribs 1-10 articulate with the cranial or caudal costal fovea of the same vertebrae?

A

Cranial

29
Q

Which ribs articulate with the cartilage of the cranial rib? what are they called?

A

Ribs 10-12

Vertebrocartilaginous

30
Q

Which two muscles insert at the greater trochanter of the femur?

A
  1. Middle gluteal muscle
  2. Deep gluteal muscle
31
Q

What is the name of the second pair of foramina on the atlas?

A

Lateral vertebral foramina

32
Q

Which two muscles originate at the lateral supracondylar tuberosity of the femur, insert at the tuber calcanei and extend the tarsus?

A
  1. Grastrocnemius
  2. SDF
33
Q

Which two muscles originate at the sacrotuberous ligament?

A
  1. Biceps femoris
  2. Superficial gluteal muscle
34
Q

Which two muscles extend and abduct the hip, and rotate the pelvic limb medially?

A
  1. Middle gluteal
  2. Deep gluteal
35
Q

What are considered the epaxial muscles?

A

Iliocostalis system

Longissimus system

Transversospinalis system

36
Q

The nuchal ligament is not present in which animal(s)?

A

The cat and the pig

37
Q

What animal contains an accessory ligament of the femoral head?

A. Canine

B. Feline

C. Horse

D. Cow

E. C and D

A

C. Horse only

38
Q

Whta is commonly known as the “yes” joint?

A

Atlanto-occipital joint

39
Q

The tendon of the lateral head of the DDF passes over the _________ of the calcaneus where it is held down by the _______ retinaculum

A

Sustentaculum tali; flexor retinaculum

40
Q

What is commonly known as the “no” joint?

A

The atlanto-axial joint

41
Q

What’s wrong with the horse in this image?

A

Upward fixation of the patella

42
Q

The cunean tendon is a reference point of which joint?

A

Distal intertarsal joint

43
Q

Which 5 muscle tendons contribute to the common calcanean tendon?

A
  1. Biceps femoris
  2. Semitendinosus
  3. Gracilis
  4. Gastrocnemius
  5. SDF
44
Q

The piriformis muscle is considered part of what muscle?

A. Superficial gluteal

B. Middle gluteal

C. Deep gluteal

A

B. Middle gluteal

45
Q

Which 3 muscles originate at the ischiatic tuberosity?

A
  1. Biceps femoris
  2. Semitendinosus
  3. Semimembranosus
46
Q

Which 5 muscles can flex but not extend the stifle?

A
  1. Semitendinosus
  2. Gracilis
  3. Gastrocnemius
  4. SDF
  5. Popliteus
47
Q

The crural retinaculum holds down the tendon of the following two muscles:

A. Cranial tibial and long digital extensor

B. Fibularis longus and long digital extensor

C. Fibularis longus and cranial tibial

D. None of the above

A

A. Cranial tibial and the long digital extensor

48
Q

Which tendon can be surgically cut to reduce pressure from arthritis of the distal hock joints?

A

Cunean tendon

49
Q

Which 2 muscle tendons form the main central component of the common calcanean tendon?

A
  1. Gastrocnemius
  2. SDF
50
Q

The ________ is a ring of fibrocartilaginous tissue that forms the outer portion of each intervertebral disc

A

Annulus fibrosus

51
Q

What muscle forms the caudal boarder of the femoral triangle?

A. Iliopsoas

B. Pectineus

C. External obturator

D. Adductor

A

B. Pectineus

52
Q

What is the femur held in place by? Hint: two ligaments

A

Ligament of the femoral head and the transverse acetabular ligament

53
Q

Rib #8 will articulate with which vertebrae?

A

Rib #8 will articulate with the cranial costal fovea of vertebra 8 and the caudal costal fovea of vetebra 7

54
Q

Which 2 muscles originate at the ilium?

A
  1. Quadriceps femoris - rectus femoris
  2. Sartorius
55
Q

What is wrong with the horse in the image?

A

Ruptured peroneus tertius - note flexed stifle and extended hock

56
Q

What is the most superficial of the abdominal muscles?

A

External abdominal oblique

57
Q

In which orientation does the external abdominal oblique muscle extend?

A

Caudoventral orientation (craniodorsal → caudoventral)

58
Q

In which orientation does the internal abdominal oblique m. fibers run?

A

Cranioventrally (caudodorsal→ cranioventral)

59
Q

Which muscle is a flexor of the vertebral column?

A

Rectus abdominis

60
Q

The _________ mm. and the ________ ________ m. form a sheath around the rectus abdominis m. (rectus sheath)

A

The abdominal oblique mm. and the transversus abdominis m

61
Q

The inguinal canal allows the passage of which structures out of the abdomen?

A

Vaginal process (f)/ tunic(m), genitogermoral nerve, external pudendal a. and v., cremaster m.

62
Q

What makes up the cranial, medial and lateral and caudal boundaries of the deep inguinal ring?

A

Cranial boundary: Caudal border of the internal abdominal m.

Medial boundary: The rectus abdominis m.

Lateral and caudal boundary: The inguinal ligament

63
Q

In the horse, the right or left paralumbar fossa is used to access the cecum?

A

The right

64
Q

In the cow/bull, the right or left paralumbar fossa is used to access the rumen?

A

The left

65
Q

In the horse and ox, what is the deep fascia of the trunk that consists largely of elastic tissue and is used to support the heavy weight of the abdominal viscera?

A

The tunica flava abdominis

66
Q

What structure is being outlined in the picture?

A

The paralumbar fossa

RUSVM Gross Anatomy I Red '16 (2 decks)

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