LR types questions and tricks Flashcards
what is a role of statement questions doing?
takes a sentence and asks what it does
strategy for role of statement questions
1) find the statement cited in the questions stem
2) analyze the argument to characterize the role played by the statement
steps for a role of statement question
1) identify the question type
2) find the conclusion
3) find evidence
4) the statement is one of two parts of evidence so by itself I cannot be “conclusive evidence” eliminate
strategy for point at issue questions
1) analyze both speakers arguments
2) determine the point of issue between them
3) use the tree to identify the correct answer
strategy for method of argument questions
1) identify the conclusion and evidence
2) take note of keywords indication the author’s purpose
3) summarize the author’s strategy in generic, descriptive terms
what is a method of argument question asking?
how does the argument work or what does it do?
what is a good method of figuring out the answer for method of argument questions?
figure out what the wrong answers mean
because/since _______________
Evidence, Conclusion
_____________ because/since/for ______________
Conclusion, Evidence
_____________ After all, ________________
conclusion, Evidence
what does conclusive evidence mean?
this proves it alone
Some people think, however ________
conclusion
types of methods of arguments (8) AECAEAMD
1) Analogy
2) example
3) counterexample
4) appeal to authority
5) elimination of alternatives
6) ad hominem
7) means/requirements
8) definition
what is an analogy?
author draws parallels between two unrelated (but similar) situations
what is the method of example?
author cites specific cases to justify generalization
what is couterexample?
author seeks to discredit an opponent’s argument by citing a specific case in which the opponent’s conclusion appears to be invalid
what is appeal to authority?
author cites an expert or another figure as support for their conclusion
what is elimination of alternatives?
author lists possibilities and discredits all but one
what is ad hominem?
author attacks her opponent’s personal credibility rather than the substance of her opponent’s argument
what is means/requirement?
author argues that something is needed to achieve a desired result
what is definition method?
author defines a term in a way that helps to justify her argument or undermine/point out a contradiction in an opponent’s argument
which one of the following most closely parallels the questionable reasoning cited above?
parallell flaw
the pattern of flawed reasoning exhibited by the argument above is most similar to that exhibited by which one of the following?
parallel flaw
which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?
strengthen
which one of the following, if true, provides the most support for the argument?
strengthen
which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?
weaken
which one of the following, if true, most calls into question the claim above?
weaken
the argument is most vulnerable to criticism that it
overlooks the possibility that…
ignores the possibility that…
flaw
the argument is most vulnerable to criticism that it
presumes, without providing justification
presumes, without warrant
flaw
which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
necessary assumption
which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
necessary assumption
the argument’s conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
sufficient assumption
which one of the following, if assumed, enables the essayist’s conclusion to be properly drawn?
sufficient assumption
