LR Descriptive Words Meanings Flashcards
Establish
“To prove”
Cast Doubt On
Means to weaken
Establish a claim
To prove
By
What follows is a premise
Presumes
Assumes (Indicates a necessary assumption)
Infers/Inference
Means to conclude/ a conclusion
From
Indicates premise
Takes for Granted
Assumes
Based on
Premise Indicator
Offered as an explanation
Explanation refers to conclusion
General Conclusion
Refers to a loose, nonspecific opinion, if the conclusion is specific then this AC could be wrong
Provide Evidence Suggesting That
Suggesting that (insert conclusion)
*Note strength of phrase is weak, not absolute
It is the argument’s main conclusion but not its only conclusion
Implying there is a subconclusion within the author’s argument
“Ignores the possibility” or “fails to consider”
are indicators that whatever follows must weaken the argument
Evidence
Support
Demonstrate
“To prove” Indicates conclusion
Claim does not mean
conclusion
It is a claim that the argument derives from another claim and that it uses
to support its conclusion
The initial claim is “derived from” another, or “supported by”
another, making it a conclusion. Then the argument uses it to support
another claim, making it a premise and conclusion at the same time.
Therefore, it is a sub-conclusion.
Referring to an inference that is clearly flawed in order to undermine an
analogous inference
Whatever precedes “in order to” should be the premise, and
what follows should be the conclusion
It is an example that is offered in support of a premise that is intended to
support the argument’s main conclusion directly
This is describing a statement that supports another statement
that also supports. Therefore this is [describing a premise that is supporting
a sub-conclusion.]
Questions the truth of a presumption underlying X’s argument
This means the author is directly attacking the flaw of the argument; aka the identified scope shift
Ignores the possibility that the first known instance of a kind is not the first instance of that kind
Fails to consider that what “looks” like it could be something, isn’t actually the thing in question.
For ex: Egyptians were the first to create alcoholic beverages. Why? We found a cup with what looks like a brewery drawn on it and it had alcoholic chemicals on it.
bitch this could’ve been a factory and who knows if it was for drinking?
