LR Descriptive Words Meanings

Question 1

Establish

Answer 1

“To prove”

Question 2

Cast Doubt On

Answer 2

Means to weaken

Question 3

Establish a claim

Answer 3

To prove

Question 4

By

Answer 4

What follows is a premise

Question 5

Presumes

Answer 5

Assumes (Indicates a necessary assumption)

Question 6

Infers/Inference

Answer 6

Means to conclude/ a conclusion

Question 7

From

Answer 7

Indicates premise

Question 8

Takes for Granted

Answer 8

Assumes

Question 9

Based on

Answer 9

Premise Indicator

Question 10

Offered as an explanation

Answer 10

Explanation refers to conclusion

Question 11

General Conclusion

Answer 11

Refers to a loose, nonspecific opinion, if the conclusion is specific then this AC could be wrong

Question 12

Provide Evidence Suggesting That

Answer 12

Suggesting that (insert conclusion)

*Note strength of phrase is weak, not absolute

Question 13

It is the argument’s main conclusion but not its only conclusion

Answer 13

Implying there is a subconclusion within the author’s argument

Question 14

“Ignores the possibility” or “fails to consider”

Answer 14

are indicators that whatever follows must weaken the argument

Question 15

Evidence

Answer 15

Support

Question 16

Demonstrate

Answer 16

“To prove” Indicates conclusion

Question 17

Claim does not mean

Answer 17

conclusion

Question 18

It is a claim that the argument derives from another claim and that it uses
to support its conclusion

Answer 18

The initial claim is “derived from” another, or “supported by”
another, making it a conclusion. Then the argument uses it to support
another claim, making it a premise and conclusion at the same time.
Therefore, it is a sub-conclusion.

Question 19

Referring to an inference that is clearly flawed in order to undermine an
analogous inference

Answer 19

Whatever precedes “in order to” should be the premise, and

what follows should be the conclusion

Question 20

It is an example that is offered in support of a premise that is intended to
support the argument’s main conclusion directly

Answer 20

This is describing a statement that supports another statement
that also supports. Therefore this is [describing a premise that is supporting
a sub-conclusion.]

Question 21

Questions the truth of a presumption underlying X’s argument

Answer 21

This means the author is directly attacking the flaw of the argument; aka the identified scope shift

Question 22

Ignores the possibility that the first known instance of a kind is not the first instance of that kind

Answer 22

Fails to consider that what “looks” like it could be something, isn’t actually the thing in question.

For ex: Egyptians were the first to create alcoholic beverages. Why? We found a cup with what looks like a brewery drawn on it and it had alcoholic chemicals on it.

bitch this could’ve been a factory and who knows if it was for drinking?