LQS and Balance Assessments

Question 1

functional reach cutoffs

Answer 1

< 18.5cm indicates fall risk in frail elderly

< 7in in community-dwelling older adults is associated with inability to leave the neighborhood without help, limited mobility skills, and restricted ADLs

Question 2

4-stage balance test cutoff

Answer 2

< 10sec on tandem balance stance is associated with an increased risk of falling in older adults

Question 3

4-square step test cutoff

Answer 3

> 15sec to complete test indicates a risk for multiple falls in older adults

Question 4

timed up-and-go cutoffs and normative values

Answer 4

> 15sec on TUG cognitive is associated with high fall risk in community-dwelling older adults

healthy adults aged 60-87 normative value TUG = 8.39sec
health adults aged 60-87 normative value TUG cognitive = 9.82sec
healthy adults aged 60-87 normative value TUG manual = 11.56sec

Question 5

5x Sit-to-Stand cutoffs and normative values

Answer 5

initial screening tool cutoff score > 12sec will need a further assessment for fall risk in community-dwelling older adults

> 15sec is indicative of a risk of recurrent falls, especially in moderate risk category in community-dwelling older adults

60-69 yr old = 11.4sec
70-79 yr old = 12.6sec
80-89 yr old = 14.8sec

Question 6

LQ AROM Standing/Sitting

Answer 6

squat, lumbar flexion, lumbar extension, lumbar lateral flexion, lumbar rotation, hip IR/ER, knee extension

Question 7

LQ AROM Supine

Answer 7

hip flexion, hip abduction, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, ankle plantar flexion, ankle inversion, ankle eversion

Question 8

LQ Reflexes

Answer 8

Quadriceps tendon, Achilles tendon

Question 9

LQ Strength

Answer 9

toe walking, heel walking, hip flexion, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, great toe extension, ankle eversion

Question 10

LQ Sensation

Answer 10

dermatomes - medial thigh, anteromedial knee, medial malleolus, dorsal foot/plantar metatarsal heads, posterolateral foot/heel, posterior knee

peripheral nerves - superficial fibular nerve, deep fibular nerve, sural nerve

Question 11

what tests L2?

Answer 11

hip flexion strength, medial thigh dermatome

Question 12

what tests L3?

Answer 12

knee flexion strength, anteromedial knee dermatome, quadriceps tendon reflex

Question 13

what tests L4?

Answer 13

ankle dorsiflexion (heel walking) strength, medial malleolus dermatome, quadriceps tendon reflex

Question 14

what tests L5?

Answer 14

great toe extension (heel walking) strength, dorsal foot AND plantar metatarsal head dermatomes

Question 15

what tests S1?

Answer 15

plantar flexion (toe walking) strength, posterolateral foot AND heel dermatomes, Achilles tendon reflex

Question 16

what tests S2?

Answer 16

ankle eversion strength, posterior knee dermatome

Question 17

where is superficial fibular nerve?

Answer 17

dorsal 3rd metatarsal shaft

Question 18

where is deep fibular nerve?

Answer 18

dorsal web space 1-2

Question 19

where is sural nerve?

Answer 19

posterior to lateral malleolus

Question 20

what strength test is performed in prone? what are the associated nerve roots?

Answer 20

hamstrings/knee flexion
L5/S1/S2