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LPs from on track Flashcards

1
Q

Which class of ABs is associated with dental hypoplasia in children U12 therefore contraindicated?

A

Tetracyclines

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2
Q

Why is aspirin contraindicated in U16s? (Unless it’s for Kawasaki’s disease)

A

Risk of Reye’s syndrome

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3
Q

Which bisophosphonate is contraindicated in women of child bearing age?

A

Zolendronic acid

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4
Q

Alcohol + sulphonylureas?

A

Enhanced anti diabetic effect

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5
Q

Long term bisphosphonate therapy is associated with what?

A

Atypical femoral fractures

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6
Q

What is dermatophytic onychomycosis?

A

Fungal infection of nails

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7
Q

If you do not use GTN tablets wihin how many weeks of first opening bottle then discard and obtain fresh supply?

A

8 weeks

(GTN tablets are administered by putting them under tongue, may be repeated at 5 min interval. If pain persists for more than 15 min, medical care should be sought)

(Should not be transferred to another container)

(Preferably taken when sitting down)

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8
Q

Which of the following do not cause rectal bleeding?

Anal fissure 
Colorectal carcinoma 
Diverticular disease 
Hiatus hernia
Inflammatory bowel disease
A

Hiatus hernia

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9
Q

Vitamin D is responsible for the absorption of calcium therefore increasing serum calcium. What are signs of hypercalcaemia?

A

N + V

Loss of appetite

Constipation and abdominal pain

Increased thirst and frequent urination

Fatigue, weakness and muscle pain

Confusion, headaches and depression

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10
Q

Baclofen can enhance the hypotensive effects of ACEi and BBs. What’s its main indication?

A

Relief of spasticity of voluntary muscle resulting from MS, spinal cord and motor neurone diseases.

(Can cause hallucinations)

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11
Q

Which anticoagulant should be avoided in pregnancy?

A

Vitamin K antagonists

Warfarin, phenindione

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12
Q

Which laxative agent can interfere with fat soluble vitamins?pp

A

Liquid paraffin

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13
Q

Atovaquane is licensed for the treatment of mild to moderate pneumocystis infections who can’t tolerate co-trimoxazole. What are options for severe pneumocystis?

A

Hydrocortisone

Pentamidine isetionate

Prednisolone

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14
Q

Xylometazoline 0.1 nasal spray and other otc sympathomimetics should be used for how long and why?

A

No more than 7 days

Can cause rhinitis medicamentosa

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15
Q

Paracetamol with pts who weigh under 50 kg

A

Use with caution

Increased risk of toxicity

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16
Q

Sensitivity to sulphonamides + triptans

A

Use with caution

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17
Q

Laxative choice for terminally ill

A

Co-danthramer

Dantor (stimulant laxative)

Ploxamer 188 (wetting agent that acts as a stool softener)

May colour urine red

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18
Q

Docusate sodium

A

Osmotic + stimulant propeties

500 mg daily in divided doses

Adult patients suffering from chronic constipation

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19
Q

Lactulose

A

Osmotic laxative

Used in hepatic encephalopathy

Opioid induced constipation (can also stimulant but avoid bulk forming)

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20
Q

Mycophenolate Mofetil counselling points regarding contraception.

(Immunosuppressant following transplant)

A

Males: Both partners should use appropriate contraception during treatment and for at least 90 days after stopping.

Females: use 2 types of contraception for up to 6 weeks after stopping treatment

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21
Q

Difference between German measles (rubella) and measles (morbilli)

Ps rubella can cause organ damage during early stages of pregnancy (CRS)

A

Measles manifests itself with white spots (surrounded by red ring) on inner cheek and gums

NB. Rubella (German measles) becomes a serious concern if a pregnant woman catches it within first 20 weeks of pregnant. Can disrupt development of baby.

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22
Q

Which jab is given at 8 weeks 12 weeks and 16 weeks during first year of life?

A

Single jab containing vaccines to protect against sis separate diseases:

Diphtheria 
Tetanus
Whooping cough (pertussis)
Polio 
H. Influenzae type b
Hib and hepatitis B
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23
Q

Ergotamine contraindications

A

Inadequately controlled hypertension

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24
Q

Benzodiazepines contraindications

A

Acute pulmonary insufficiency

Marked neuromuscular respiratory weakness

Sleep apnoea syndrome

Unstable myasthenia gravis

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25
Q

Ganciclovir contraindications

A

Abnormally low haemoglobin count

Low neutrophil count

Low platelet count

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26
Q

Zonisamide counselling points

A

Avoid factors which cause overheating or dehydration like exercise.

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27
Q

Drugs that cause gingival hyperplasia (swollen gums)

A

Ciclosporin

Antiepileptics (not valproate)

CCBs

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28
Q

Hydroxychloroquine

Report if:

A

Visual symptoms.

Ocular toxicity is possible

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29
Q

What effect does buprenorphine have on other opioids?

A

Antagonises their analgesic effects.

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30
Q

Bethamethasone valerate/clioquinol cream could stain clothing

A

.

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31
Q

What’s in codis and tramacet?

A

Codis: codeine and aspirin m

Tramacet: tramadol and paracetamol

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32
Q

Risks associated with antipsychotics

A 
Hypothermia 
Hyperthermia 
Postural hypotension 
Hyperglycaemia 
Stroke
33
Q

Colestyramine is contraindicated in

A

Complete biliary obstruction (won’t be effective)

34
Q

Ursodeoxycholic acid is contraindicated in

A

Acute inflammation of the gall bladder

35
Q

Subcutaneous haemotoma can be a result of?

A

Dalteparin injection site reaction

36
Q

Pizotifen indication?

A

Migraine prophylaxis

37
Q

Common side effects of isotretonin?

A

Skin thinning

Dry skin

Chapped lips and skin

(Stay away from sun)

38
Q

Hydroxyzine main indications

A

Pruritus (lowest effective dose shortest possible duration)

Assist in the management of anxiety

(Piperazine derivative antihistamine with antimuscuranic and sedative properties)

39
Q

Gradual withdrawal of steroids should be consider when dose exceeds?

A

Prednisolone 40 mg daily or equivalent for more than 1 week

Also if received more than 3 weeks treatment

Also if there’s other possible causes of adrenal suppression and

40
Q

Chloramphenicol 10 ml OTC for bacterial conjunctivitis can be used to a maximum duration of:

A

5 days

41
Q

‘Asbestos-like’ scales on scalp?

A

Pityriasis amiantacea

42
Q

Phenytoin + miconazole

A

Miconazole enhances anticonvulsant is effect of phenytoin (lower risk with topics preparation)

43
Q

Avoid clarythromycin in breast feeding

A

.

44
Q

Lithium + Candesartan

A

Candesartan potentially increases conc of lithium throughan unknown mechanism. Adjust dose and monitor

45
Q

What vaccine is used for the prevention of cervical cancer?

A

Human Papilloma Virus vaccine (HPV)

Especially in young children

46
Q

Red scaly patches typically affecting central regions of face, eye brows and scalp?

A

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

47
Q

Valganciclovir

A

Potential teratogen and carcinogen. Caution is advised when handling. Wash off immediately if come in contact

48
Q

Which has a higher risk of GI bleed clopidogrel or alendronic acid?

A

Clopidogrel

49
Q

HRT should be stopped (pending investigation) if patient experiences

A

Severe stomach pain

50
Q

High doses of all corticosteroids is associated with Cushing’s syndrome. What are the symptoms?

A

Moon face

Facial acne

Stria (stretch marks)

51
Q

As well as hypokalaemia wha else can thiazide like diuretics induce?

A

Hyperuricaemia

52
Q

Termination of pregnancy following mifepristone?

A

Misoprostol

53
Q

Induction of labour for medical reasons

A

Oxytocin

54
Q

Risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw particularly IV

A

Bisphosphonates

55
Q

Benzodiazepines antidote?

A

Flumazenil

56
Q

Lamotrigine can also cause anaemia bruising infection and signs of bone marrow suppression

A

.

57
Q

This drug is associated with post-menopausal bleeding as a side effect

A

Spironolactone

58
Q

Acute Porphyria

A

Fluconazole and progesterone contraindicated in this condition

59
Q

Citalopram + sildenafil

A

QT prolongation

60
Q

Isosorbide + amlodipine + lisinopril

A

Potentiate first dose hypotension

61
Q

BB + digoxin

A

Bradycardia

62
Q

Early treatment with what can delay need for levodopa therapy?

A

Selegiline

Hair loss is a side effect

63
Q

Amantadine is cautioned in?

A

Congestive heart failure as it may exacerbate oedema

64
Q

Check LFTs prior amiodarone or statin?

A

Statin

65
Q

Mydrasis

A

Dilation of pupil.

Antimuscuranic side effect

66
Q

Dopamine agonists are associated with?

A 
Binge eating 
Excessive daytime sleeping
Hallucinations 
HYPOtensive reactions 
Fibrotic reactions
67
Q

Medicine reconciliation process

A

Creating an accurate list of a patients current medication and comparing this to those in the PMR with the goal of providing the patient with the correct medication

68
Q

Influenza vaccination is recommended in

A

All pregnant women

69
Q

Can stop taking iron how many weeks after haemoglobin levels back to normal?

A

12

70
Q

Transiminase enzymes is a measure of?

A

Liver function

If they’re raised then liver is damaged

71
Q

Ramipril should not be given in the second and third trimester if pregnancy

A

.

72
Q

Atenolol is contraindicated in intestinal ulcer

A

.

73
Q

Which antimalarial is contraindicated in history of psychiatric disorders?

A

Mefloquine

74
Q

Antiemetic choice in radiotherapy

A

Dexamethasone

75
Q

Impetigo treatment

A

Fucidic acid

Flucloxacillin

76
Q

Which EGFR inhibitor is not associated with keratitis and ulcerative keratitis leading to corneal perforation and blindness?

A

Ofatumumab

Cetuximab, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, and panitumumab all cause it.

77
Q

Mineralocorticoid Side effects

Fludrocortisone (postural hypotension, addisons disease)

A 
Hypertension 
Sodium retention 
Water retention 
Potassium loss 
Calcium loss
78
Q

Glucocorticoid side effects

A

Diabetes
Osteoporosis
Avascular necrosis
Possibly peptic ulceration and psychiatric reactions

79
Q

Tiamterene + potassium supplements

A

synergistic effects (Tiametrene is a potassium conserving drug)

Random LPs From Qs (3 decks)

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