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Low Vision > LowVision_Test1 > Flashcards

LowVision_Test1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the four categories that involves Eleanor Faye’s approach to functional loss?

A
  1. No field defects: blurred vision through entire field
  2. No field Defects: reduced vision involving fovea
  3. Central field defect: reduced vision with central scotoma
  4. Peripheral field defects: peripheral scotoma with variable central vision
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2
Q

What do pt complain of with 1. blurred vision through entire field?

A

Blurry vision and decreased contrast sensitivity
Glare and haze
Decreased color vision

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3
Q

How to manage case 1?

A

Contral glare and contrast with tints, filters, hats
-Yellow enhanc contrast
-Grey reduce glare
Orientation and mobility training if absorptive lenses are ineffective

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4
Q

Name examples of conditions for reduced vision involving the fovea?

A 
Achromatopsia
Albinism
Aniridia
Congenital nystagmus
post retinal detachment surgery
Vitreoretinal adhesion
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5
Q

Visual complaints of number 2?

A

Lack of dist acuity for activities.
Seeing blackboard, driving, reading music, glare, and mod diff w/ print.
Their abilities are often underestimated.

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6
Q

Management for number 2?

A

EV training is unnecessary
Don’t underestimate your pt’s abilities when det mag; address other complaints like glare.
Use absorptive lens for glare control, hats, with brim.

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7
Q

Which of Dr. Faye’s conditions make up the majority of low vision patients?

A

Central field defects

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8
Q

Visual complaints of number 3?

A

Principally inability to read, write, and see fine details.
VA: better than 20/400; affects reading more than mobility.
VA less than 20/400 may feel the need for assistance in unfam surroundings.
NO black spots

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9
Q

Management options for number 3?

A

Refraction
Magnification, contrast, illumination
Tints and filters

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10
Q

Peripheral field defects

A

poor travel vision
fall hazard
Mag needs to be minimal

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11
Q

Name some conditions that cause peripheral field defects

A 
RP
Demyelinating disease
Glaucoma
CVA
Diabetes
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12
Q

Visual complaints of periph field defects

A

Cone shaped w/ apex toward the eye.

Pt learn to look ahead using the larger field

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13
Q

How to manage periph field defects

A

Prisms
Reverse telescope
Orientation and mobility
Vision restoration therapy

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14
Q

Where do u place sector prism to expand the field of view?

A

Over the limbus.

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15
Q

If prescribe prism, how much do u increase a person’s field by?

A

2pd = 1 degree field of view.

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16
Q

How do you orient the prism to expand FOV

A

Base toward direction of VF loss.

There is a jack in the box effect with this.

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17
Q

What is the purpose of Eli Peli horizontal fitting?

A

To help with mobility and navigation, not for reading

Help with peripheral awareness; an early alert system.

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18
Q

What r some things u need to consider for your low vision pt?

A 
Contrast sensitivity
Glare sensitivity
Color discrimination
Scotoma size and location
Peripheral field loss
ocular motilities and BV
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19
Q

When dealing w/ contrast, name the color cars that are hard to see?

A

Silver and black cars

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20
Q

Name a new test that test contrast?

A

MARS chart

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21
Q

T/F?

Albino have a CV defect?

A

False

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22
Q

What is glare?

A

Poor resolution
Light scatter
Poor adaptation

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23
Q

Name some testing for Glare?

A

Brightness acuity test
M&S glare test
Photo-stress test

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24
Q

Tell me about Amsler Grid

A

Test central 20 degrees when held at 33cm

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25
Q

What is california central visual field test?

A

Tests the central 15 degrees

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26
Q

Can u use central 10-2 for Social Security administration?

A

Nope

Need to use kinetic HVF

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27
Q

Which part of the visual system does Scanning Laser ophtlamoscope test?

A

Central

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28
Q

For binoc vision testing, when do you occlude an eye?

A 
High add is required
MOnoc VA is better than OU
High metamorphopsia in worse eye
Larger usable field vs other eye
Ring scotoma
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29
Q

What are the four methods for specifying visual acuity?

A

Detection
Pattern Resolution
Localization
Recognition.

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30
Q

Name some examples of localization?

A

Hyper(vernier) acuity

Steres

31
Q

Name some examples of Recognition?

A

Snellen Letters

Landolt C’s

32
Q

what is the Minimum angle of resolution in humans?

A

1 minute of arc

33
Q

What does MAR allow us to do?

A

It allows us to size letters. You size the letter in terms of the distance at which they subtend 1 min of arc

34
Q

T/F?

Jaeger is equivalent to Snellen?

A

False

35
Q

Which near Visual acuity is used by printers to measure the lead block that contains the letter?

A

Point Notation

36
Q

Which near visual acuity uses Times Roman.

A

British N system

37
Q

T/F

FOr an uncorrected hyperope using a Kep and Gal telescope; the tube length needs to be increased?

A

True

38
Q

FOr an uncorrected myope using a Kep and Gal telescope; the tube length needs to be decreased?

A

True

39
Q

T/F

For an uncorrected hyperope using a Keplerian lens; the magnification of the TS is reduced

A

True

40
Q

Name the five skills needed to use a TS

A 
Localization
Focusing
Spotting
Tracing 
Tracking
41
Q

What is a contact lens telescope

A

A minus contact lens on eye and a plus lens in specs

42
Q

Ads of CLs telescope

A

Wide usable FOV

Better cosmetic apperance

43
Q

Disad of CLs telescope

A

Limited range of mag

CLs mvt makes the world move and shift

44
Q

Candidates for an Implantable miniature telescope

A

Have AMD in both eyes.
Be 75 y.os.
Be phakic w/ a cataract
Distance vision b/w 20/160 and 20/800

45
Q

What is an imp thing to consider (BV-wise) when giving a pt a high add

A

Base in prism to compensate for base out prism created when converging.
Use diffractive optics. Makes lens a lot thinner. Basically grounded fresnel prism into the lens.

46
Q

The diff b/w increased add for bifocals/NVO vs microscopes

A

MIcroscopes have shorter working distance and cosmesis are issues.

47
Q

Cool thing about telemicroscope that gives it an edge over microscopes?

A

It has increased working distance.

48
Q

T/F

When increase tube length; things get more magnified and closer

A

True

49
Q

What happens as magnification increases?

A

Working distance decreases

FOV decrease

50
Q

T/F

Dome magnifier is another type of stand mag?

A

True

Thus need to use your bifocal

51
Q

Troubleshooting:

For a stand mag, the pt feels the image is more clear when lifted off page

A

Give the pt a stronger magnifier

52
Q

Ads of electronic mag

A

Reverse polarity
Greatest mag
No decrease in WD w/ increased mag

53
Q

What’s so special about bar manifiers

A

Stretch in one principle meridian.

Only makes the words taller, not wider.

54
Q

What do pts with poor contrast benefit from?

A

Illumination:
-AMD
Optic nerve issues
RP

55
Q

Name some conditions that perform better under lower illumination

A

Albinos
Rod monochromatism
Achromatopsia

56
Q

WHat do you do if the pt comes in and is not eccentrically viewing?

A

Whip out the big clock and have pt look at the center; ask pt which number is the clearest.
Train pt to look in the opp direction of the clearest number.
Ex: 7 o clock is the clearest while looking ahead. Train pt to EV at 2 o’clock
We r pushing the scotoma up and out of the way.

57
Q

Which is the most most diff EV angle?

A

3 o’clock position

58
Q

What did the Framingham eye study find?

A

Visual impairment increased with age

Blindness and visual impairment higher in women

59
Q

Ages of ppl in the Atlanta study

A

10 year olds

Look at the rate of legal blindness amongst them

60
Q

Significance of the Atlanta study

A

Most of the conditions causing legal blindness at this age were congenital

61
Q

What did Beaver dam eye study find

A

BVA decreased with age

Rates of blindness and visual impairment in those aged 75 and older were greater in nursing home residents and women

62
Q

What was so special about Mud Creek Eye survey

A

Aged 40 and older
Home screenings
complete ophthalmological exam for those with PH VA less than 20/60

63
Q

Significance of Mud Creek Eye survey

A

Leading cause of blindness
Cataract
ARMD
-2 ppl found with trachoma

64
Q

What was so special about Baltimore Eye Study

A

First study to determine blindness and visual impairment rates among an urban, multiracial population in the U.S.
A lot of participants
Aged 40 and older
Equal numbers of black and white participants

65
Q

Findings in Balt Eye Study

A

Blindness and visual Impairment increased with age in both groups
Age adjust rates were twice as high for blacks as for whites
No gender diff in rates

66
Q

What was so special about Salisbury Eye eval

A

Eval of visual impairment using multiple tests of visual function
-VA, Refraction, CSF, glare, stereo, VF
THey found that all these suckers decline with AGE

67
Q

What is the leading cause of new blindness in adults

A

diabetes

68
Q

What r the leading causes of blindness

A

Cataract
AMD
Glaucoma

69
Q

Name the two studies that busted out ophthalmic instruments

A

Salisbury Eye evaluation

Mud Creek Eye Survey

70
Q

DO not assume that the pt has the same EV for dist and near

A

Okee

71
Q

Define Kestenbaum method

A

The ADD required to read 1M at near is equal to the reciprocal of the distance VA.

72
Q

Name an example of a geometric progression chart

A

Bailey Lovie

73
Q

Define modified Kestenbaum method

A

THe same add from the original method and multiply by 1.5

74
Q

Define sloan rdg cards and M-notation

A

LEtter size u want to read times the add that is req’d to read at that distance.

Low Vision (1 decks)

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