Lower respiratory tract infections

Question 1

WHOOPING COUGH (UPPER AND LOWER TRACT)

Answer 1

• Bordatella pertussis- gram negative cocco-bacillus
• Severe disease in children, highly infectious
• Organism attaches to & multiplies in ciliary respiratory mucosa but does not spread deeper
• Produces various toxins, affects inflammatory process and damages ciliary epithelium
• Mx-erythromycin, prevent with vaccination

Question 2

ACUTE BRONCHIOLITIS

Answer 2

• Infectious disease in children <2yrs
• Obstruction of bronchioles-swollen by inflammation
• Causes usually respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus
• Presents as asthma, diagnosed for no prior asthma hx

Question 3

ACUTE BRONCHITIS

Answer 3

• Inflammatory condition of tracheobroncial tree usually due to infection
• Strep. pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza
• Cough is prominent presentation
• Can also have acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis

Question 4

PNEUMONIA

Answer 4

• Inflammation of lung with consolidation that can be bacterial, viral, parasitic or fungal
• Organism can reach lung by inhalation, aspiration, blood
• Classified as lobar, interstitial or bronchopneumonia
• Commonly Strep. pneumonia, Haemophillus influenza

Question 5

INFLUENZA (UPPER AND LOWER TRACT)

Answer 5

• Orthomyxovirus

* Haemagluttinin and neuraminidase protein components

Question 6

TUBERCULOSIS

Answer 6

• Caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis and spread through airborne particles from person to person
• Acid fast stain
• Rx: Rifampicin (piss orange), isoniazid