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Respiratory > Lower Respiratory Tract Infections > Flashcards

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the broad term for inflammation of the lung tissue

A

Pneumonia

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of pneumonia

A

Bacterial
Viral
Mycoplasma
Fungal

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3
Q

3 typical types of pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenza

Staph. Aureus

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4
Q

7 types of Aytipical pneumonia

A

Legionella

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Coxiella burneti

Chlamydia psittaci

Klebsiella

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Pseudomonas

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5
Q

Most common community aquired pneumoniae

Rust coloured sputum

A

Streptococcus

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6
Q

Pneumonia normally in elderly, those with COPD, or people who work with children

Green sputum

A

Haemophilis influenza

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7
Q

Pneumonia common in PWIDs often following influenza

Sepsis can develop

A

Staph aureus

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8
Q

Pneumonia normally caused by inhalation of contaminated water droplets
Not common in young patients
Common after travelling to foreign countries

A

Legionella

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9
Q

Pneumonia common in children and young adults
Peaks every 4 years

No cell wall

Causes cillial dysfunction

Can cause red ear problem at same time as lung issues

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

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10
Q

Pneumonia commonly caught when farming

A

Coxiella burneti

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11
Q

Pneumonia commonly caught from birds

A

Chlamydia psittaci

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12
Q

Pneumonia commonly caused by aspiration

Red currant jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella

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13
Q

Pneumonia commonly caused by fungus

Especially in immunocompromised patients

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

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14
Q

Green sputum

Mostly harmful to those who already have chronic lung infections

A

Pseudomonas

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15
Q

Two types of pneumonia pathophysiology

A

Lobar pneumonia

Bronchopneumonia

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16
Q

What is lobar pneumonia

A

Confluent consolidation involving a complete lung lobe

Commonly strep pneumonia, in healthy young adults

17
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A

Infection starts in airways and spreads to adjacent alveolar lung

Most often seen in context of pre existing disease

18
Q

Common symptoms of pneumonia

A
  • Dyspnoea
  • Pleuritic chest pain
    Younger patients
  • typically productive cough and high fever
  • darker sputum = more severe, neutrophils turn it green
    Older patients
  • variety of aytipical symptoms, reduced mobility, diarrhoea (less cough)
  • empyema normally forms
19
Q

Main 3 signs of pneumonia

A

Rigors

Crackles and rub

Tachypnoea - rapid shallow breathing

20
Q

What investigations are used for pneumonia

A

Not necessary for majority of community cases

In hospital
- FBCs, CRP, U+Es
- CXR
If severe
- sputum examination and culture,
- legionella and pneumococcal urinary antigens

21
Q

Risk factors for pneumonia
CURB65 risk score

A
  • Confusion - new onset
  • Urea - > 7 mmol
  • High respiration rate - >30
  • Hypotension - <60/90
  • Old - >65 years
22
Q

Antibiotic Management of CURB 0-2 community acquired pneumonia

A

Amoxicillin - IV or oral

If penicillin allergic:
Doxycycline day one followed by course of doxycycline or IV clarithromycin

23
Q

Antibiotic Management of CURB 3-5 community acquired pneumonia

A

Co-amoxiclav IV + doxycycline IV

Penicillin allergic:
Levofloxin PO/IV

24
Q

Antibiotic management of community acquired pneumonia in ICU

A

Co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin IV

Penicillin allergic:
Levofloxin

25
Q

Antibiotic management of non-severe hospital acquired pneumonia

A

PO amoxicillin

Penicillin allergic:
Doxycycline

26
Q

Antibiotic management of severe hospital acquired pneumonia

Needs to have extended gram negative cover

A

IV amoxicillin + gentamicin

Penicillin allergic:
PO doxycycline + gentamicin

27
Q

Antibiotic management of non-severe aspiration pneumonia

Needs anaerobic cover

A

PO amoxicillin + metronidazole

Penicillin allergic:
PO Doxycycline + metronidazole

28
Q

Antibiotic management of severe aspiration pneumonia

A

IV amoxicillin + gentamicin + metronidazole

Penicillin allergic:
Doxycycline instead of amoxicillin

29
Q

What antibiotic is used for majority of aytipicals

A

Doxycycline

30
Q

What antibiotic is used for legionella

A

Levofloxin
Or
Clarithromycin / erythromycin

+/- Rifampicin

Respiratory (2 decks)

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