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Clinical Science and Practice I > Lower MSK Anatomy > Flashcards

Lower MSK Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 main articulations within the pelvis/hip bone?

A

2x sacroiliac joints - between iliac crest and sacrum
Sacrococcygeal symphysis – between the sacrum and the coccyx
Pubic symphysis – between the pubis bodies of the two hip bones

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2
Q

What bones does the bony pelvis consist of?

A

2x hip bones (pelvic bones)
Sarum
Coccyx

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3
Q

What resides within the greater pelvis ?

A
  • Greater (false pelvis)– located superiorly, it provides support of the lower abdominal viscera (such as the ileum and sigmoid colon). It has little obstetric relevance.
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4
Q

What resides within the lesser pelvis ?

A
  • Lesser (true pelvis)– located inferiorly, contains pelvic cavity and pelvic viscera.
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5
Q

Where does the iliofemoral ligament arise from and end?

A

arises from the anterior inferior iliac spine (ASIS) and then bifurcates into the intertrochanteric line of the femur.

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6
Q

Where does the pubofemoral ligament arise from and end?

A

arises from the superior pubic rami and the intertrochanteric line of the femur

  • Ischiofemoral–**spans between the body of the ischium and the greater trochanter of the femur, reinforcing the capsule posteriorly.
    • It has a spiral orientation, and prevents hyperextension and holds the femoral head in the acetabulum.
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7
Q

Structure + Function of iliofemoral ligament ?

A

It has a ‘Y’ shaped appearance, bifurcates and then meets at intertrochanter line of femur
prevents hyperextension of the hip joint

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8
Q

Structure + Function of pubofemoral ligament ?

A

It has a triangular shape
prevents excessive abduction and extension

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9
Q

Structure + Function of ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Spiral Shape
Prevents hyperextension
joins femur to acetabulum

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10
Q

Where does the ischiofemoral ligament arise from and end?

A

Stems from ischium body ends in greater trochanter of femur

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11
Q

What is the pelvic girdle?

A

pelvic girdle – the bony structure that attaches the axial skeleton to the lower limbs

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12
Q

Where does the acetabulum sit anatomically?

A

head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum to form the hip joint
Socket - cup-like depression located on the inferolateral aspectof the pelvis

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13
Q

What 3 bones make up the hip bones?

A

Ilium
Pubis
Ischium

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14
Q

Which nerves innervate the hip joint?

A

sciatic
femoral
obturator

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15
Q

What vessels comprise the blood supply to the hip joint?

A

mainly medial and lateral circumflex artery
obturator artery
some branches of femoral artery
superior and inferior gluteal arteries

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16
Q

Which 2 ligaments attach to the ischium and what are their functions?

A
  • Sacrospinous ligament– from the ischial spine to the sacrum, thus creating the greater sciatic foramen through which lower limb neurovasculature (including the sciatic nerve) transcends.
  • Sacrotuberous ligament– runs from sacrum to the ischial tuberosity, forming the lesser sciatic foramen
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17
Q

What structures do the pubis and ischium both consist of?

A

body
superior ramus
inferior ramus

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18
Q

What do the posterorinferior aspect of the ischium form?

A

They form the ischial tuberositiesand when sitting, it is these tuberosities on which our body weight falls.

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19
Q

What passes through the greater sciatic foramen?

A

lower limb neurovasculature (including the sciatic nerve)

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20
Q

How is the greater sciatic foramen made?

A

It is formed from the sacrospinous ligament attaching from the ischium spine to the sacrum

21
Q

How is the lesser sciatic foramen created?

A

From the Sacrotuberous ligament which runs from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity

22
Q

Where does the iliac crest extend from and to?

A

It extends from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS).

23
Q

How is the obturator foramen created?

A

Due to the joining of the superior pubis ramus and the inferior pubis ramus

24
Q

Which structures pass through the obturator foramen?

A

obturator nerve, artery and vein pass through to reach the lower limb

25
Q

Which of the 3 hip bones forms the superior part of the acetabulum?

A

ilium

26
Q

What is the fibrocartilaginous layer of the acetabulum called?

A

acetabulum labrus

27
Q

What innervates the anterior compartment of thigh?

A

Femoral L2-L4

28
Q

What innervates the posterior compartment of thigh?

A

Sciatic L4-S3

28
Q

What are muscles of the posterior compartment of thigh?

A

Biceps femoris
Semimembranosius
Semitendinosus

28
Q

What innervates medial compartment of thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

29
Q

What are muscles of the anterior compartment of thigh?

A

Iliopsoas,
Quads (vastud lateralis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris, sartorius)
Pectineum

29
Q

What are muscles of the medial compartment of thigh?

A

Gracilis
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Obturator externus

30
Q

What are 3 superficial gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus

30
Q

what are the 2 articulating surfaces of the knee?

A

tibiofemoral: where tibia meets femur

patellofemoral: where patella meets femur

31
Q

what are the menisci of the knee and their functions?

A

C shaped cartilage rings, 2 functions:

shock absorbers: increasing SA To further dissipate forces that are transmitted across the joint

deepens articular surface of tibia - increase joint stability

32
Q

what are the 3 categories of ligaments of the knee and their functions?

A

Patellar - connects quadriceps femoris to tibial tuberosity
cruciate - forward and backwards stability of knee
collateral - sideways stability of knee

33
Q

Connections and functions of collateral ligaments (MCL and LCL)?

A

MCL - runs medial to knee
connects femur to the tibia
resists forces that push knee inwards (valgus forces)

LCL - runs lateral to knee
connects femur to fibula
resists forces that push knee outwards (varus forces)

34
Q

Connections and functions of cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL) - what happens when these ligaments are damaged?

A

ACL
connects posterior surface of femur to anterior surface of tibia

ACL Stops tibia sliding too far forward in relation to femur

damaged due to football injuries, sudden/ awkard movements

PCL
connects anterior surface of the femyr to posterior surface of tibia

PCL Stops tibia sliding too far back in relation to femur

damaged by a sudden force through the top of the shin, eg car accident or fall, or by hyperextending the knee

35
Q

What are the 4 main knee bursae and where are they located?

A

suprapatellar - between quadriceps femoris and femur

prepatellar - between patella apex + skin

infrapatellar
deep: between tibia head + patellar ligament
superficial: between patellar ligament + skin

semimembranous: between semimembranosus muscle and the medial head of the grastrocnemius muscle

36
Q

Whart is the pes anserinus?

A

connection of 3 tendons: semitendinous, graciis, sartorius
3 conjoined tendons connected from the hamstring to medial surface tibia

37
Q

What structures are responsible for knee extension?

A

Anterior thigh muscles
sartorius
quadriceps femoris group of muscles which inserts into tibial tuberosity
Patella
Patellar tendon

38
Q

What are knee flexors?

A

semimembranosus
biceps femoris
gracilis
gastrocnemius
popliteus

39
Q

What muscles are responsible for knee rotation?

A

hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius, gastrocnemius, plantaris, and popliteus

40
Q

What are the anterior thigh muscles?

A

psoas major
iliacus
rectus femoris
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
pectineus
sartorius

41
Q

What are the medial thigh muscles?

A

obturator externus
adductor brevis
adductor lingus
adductor magnus
gracilis

42
Q

What are the posterior thigh muscles?

A

biceps femoris
semimembranosus
semitenonosus

43
Q

What is neurovascular supply of anterior thigh muscles?

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
L2-L4

44
Q

What is neurovascular supply of medial thigh muscles?

A

L2-L4
obturator artery

45
Q

What is neurovascular supply of posterior thigh muscles?

A

sciatic nerve
femoral artery

Clinical Science and Practice I (14 decks)

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