Lower MSK Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 3 main articulations within the pelvis/hip bone?
2x sacroiliac joints - between iliac crest and sacrum
Sacrococcygeal symphysis – between the sacrum and the coccyx
Pubic symphysis – between the pubis bodies of the two hip bones
What bones does the bony pelvis consist of?
2x hip bones (pelvic bones)
Sarum
Coccyx
What resides within the greater pelvis ?
- Greater (false pelvis)– located superiorly, it provides support of the lower abdominal viscera (such as the ileum and sigmoid colon). It has little obstetric relevance.
What resides within the lesser pelvis ?
- Lesser (true pelvis)– located inferiorly, contains pelvic cavity and pelvic viscera.
Where does the iliofemoral ligament arise from and end?
arises from the anterior inferior iliac spine (ASIS) and then bifurcates into the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
Where does the pubofemoral ligament arise from and end?
arises from the superior pubic rami and the intertrochanteric line of the femur
-
Ischiofemoral–**spans between the body of the ischium and the greater trochanter of the femur, reinforcing the capsule posteriorly.
- It has a spiral orientation, and prevents hyperextension and holds the femoral head in the acetabulum.
Structure + Function of iliofemoral ligament ?
It has a ‘Y’ shaped appearance, bifurcates and then meets at intertrochanter line of femur
prevents hyperextension of the hip joint
Structure + Function of pubofemoral ligament ?
It has a triangular shape
prevents excessive abduction and extension
Structure + Function of ischiofemoral ligament ?
Spiral Shape
Prevents hyperextension
joins femur to acetabulum
Where does the ischiofemoral ligament arise from and end?
Stems from ischium body ends in greater trochanter of femur
What is the pelvic girdle?
pelvic girdle – the bony structure that attaches the axial skeleton to the lower limbs
Where does the acetabulum sit anatomically?
head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum to form the hip joint
Socket - cup-like depression located on the inferolateral aspectof the pelvis
What 3 bones make up the hip bones?
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
Which nerves innervate the hip joint?
sciatic
femoral
obturator
What vessels comprise the blood supply to the hip joint?
mainly medial and lateral circumflex artery
obturator artery
some branches of femoral artery
superior and inferior gluteal arteries
Which 2 ligaments attach to the ischium and what are their functions?
- Sacrospinous ligament– from the ischial spine to the sacrum, thus creating the greater sciatic foramen through which lower limb neurovasculature (including the sciatic nerve) transcends.
- Sacrotuberous ligament– runs from sacrum to the ischial tuberosity, forming the lesser sciatic foramen
What structures do the pubis and ischium both consist of?
body
superior ramus
inferior ramus
What do the posterorinferior aspect of the ischium form?
They form the ischial tuberositiesand when sitting, it is these tuberosities on which our body weight falls.
What passes through the greater sciatic foramen?
lower limb neurovasculature (including the sciatic nerve)
How is the greater sciatic foramen made?
It is formed from the sacrospinous ligament attaching from the ischium spine to the sacrum
How is the lesser sciatic foramen created?
From the Sacrotuberous ligament which runs from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity
Where does the iliac crest extend from and to?
It extends from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS).
How is the obturator foramen created?
Due to the joining of the superior pubis ramus and the inferior pubis ramus
Which structures pass through the obturator foramen?
obturator nerve, artery and vein pass through to reach the lower limb
