Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Esa2 :D > Lower limb viva prep > Flashcards

Lower limb viva prep Flashcards

0
Q

What are the parts of the hip bone?

A

The ilium
The ischium
The pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the three articulations of the hip bone?

A

Sacroiliac joint - articulation with the sacrum
Pubic symphysis - articulation with corresponding hip bone
Hip joint - articulation with head of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What joins the three parts of the hip bone prior to puberty?

At what age do they begin and complete to fuse?

A

The triradiate cartilage
Begin to fuse at age 15-17
Completed at age 20-25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the ilium?

A

Anteriorly: iliac fossa on the wing of ilium (concave)
Iliac crest
ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Acetabulum
Posteriorly: gluteal surface of the wing of ilium (convex)
Posterior superior iliac spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which muscles attach to the ilium?

A

Gluteal muscles - attach to external surface of the ilium at the anterior, posterior and inferior gluteal lines

Iliacus muscle - attaches medically at iliac fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the ASIS?

A

Measure the true leg length from ASIS to medial malleolus

Discrepancy seen in hip disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you measure the true leg length?

A

From ASIS to medial malleolus

Discrepancy seen in various hip disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do you measure the apparent leg length?

A

From the umbilicus to the medial malleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament attach?

A

From ASIS to pubic tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the parts of the pubis?

A 
Body (articulates at pubic symphysis) 
Superior rami (part of acetabulum)
Inferior rami (part of ischiopubic ramus)

Two rami form part of the border of obturator foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the borders of the obturator foramen?

A

Inferior- ischiopubic rami (inferior ischial and pubic rami), part of body of ischium
Superior - superior ramus of pubis
Laterally - part of body of ischium, superior ischial ramus
Medial - body of pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the contents of the obturator foramen?

A

Obturator nerve
Obturator artery
Obturator vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the parts of the ischium?

A 
Body of the ischium
Superior and inferior ischial rami
Ischial spine
Posteriorly: Greater sciatic notch
Ischial tuberosity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What ligaments attach to the ischium?

A

Sacrospinous ligament: ischial spine to sacrum
Form greater sciatic notch - neurovasculature of lower limb incl sciatic nerve & piriformis muscle

Sacrotuberous ligament: ischial tuberosity -> sacrum forming lesser sciatic notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do fractures occur in the pelvic bone?

A 
Direct trauma (vehicular accident)
Forces transmitted form the lower limb (heavy fall on the feet)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do fractures occur on the pelvic bone?

A

Pubic rami
Acetabulum
Sacroiliac joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Borders of the femoral triangle

A

Superior border - inguinal ligament
Lateral border - medial border of sartorial
Medial border - medial border of adductor longus
(Pelvic floor - rest of adductor longus)
Roof - fascia lata
Base - pectineous, iliopsas, adductor longus muscles

17
Q

What is the function of the inguinal ligament at the femoral triangle?

A

Acts as a flexor retinaculum supporting the femoral triangle during Flexion At the hip

18
Q

Contents of the femoral triangle

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal- lymph nodes and vessels

19
Q

What is contained by the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral artery,vein and canal in a facial compartment aka the femoral sheath

20
Q

Why is there empty space in the femoral triangle?

A

To allow veins and lymph vessels to distend when coping with different levels of flow

21
Q

Where can you palmate the femoral pulse?

A

Inferior to where femoral artery crosses inguinal ligament

Midway between pubic symphysis and ASIS

Presence of femoral pulse = blood reaching lower extremity

22
Q

Describe the procedure of a coronary angiography

A

Superficial femoral artery in femoral triangle is catheterised with long thin tube
Navigated up external iliac artery, common iliac artery, aorta and into coronary vessels
Radioactive dye ejected into coronary vessels
Wall thickening or blockage can be visualised via xray

23
Q

How do you check arterial blood gasses ?

A

Catherine the femoral artery

24
Q

Define a hernia

A

Condition in which internal part of an organ is displaced and protrudes through a weakness in the muscle or the wall of the cavity containing it

25
Q

Describe a femoral hernia

A 
Part of bowel pushes into femoral canal 
Protrudes through femoral ring 
Underneath inguinal ligament
Manifests as clinical lump/bulge in area of femoral triangle 
Lump interolaterally to pubic tubercle

Requires surgical intervention to treat
More common in woman due to wider bony pelvis
Tough walls of femoral canal can result in a strangulated hernia

26
Q

Where is the femoral canal located?

A

It is an anatomical compartment
In anterior thigh
Smallest most medial part of femoral sheath
Approx 1.3 cm long

28
Q

Contents of femoral canal

A

Lymphatic vessels - draining deep inguinal lymph nodes
Deep lymph node - the lacunar node
Empty space - allows distension of adjacent femoral vein
Loos connective tissue

29
Q

What is a strangulated hernia?

A

Hernia with compromised blood supply

30
Q

Shape, location and function of popliteal fossa

A

Diamond shaped
Posterior side of knee
Path for structures to move from thigh to leg

31
Q

Borders of popliteal fossa

A

Superiomedial border - semimembranosus
Superiolateral border - biceps femoris
Inferiomedial border - medial head of gastrocnemius
Inferiolateral border - lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris
Floor - posterior surface of knee joint capsule, post surface of femur
Roof - 2 layers: popliteal fascia (continuous with fascia lata of leg) and skin

32
Q

Contents of popliteal fossa

A

Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve

33
Q

What does the sciatic nerve split into, in the popliteal fossa?

A

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

34
Q

What tendon does the fibular nerve follow?

A

Biceps femoris tendon

35
Q

What pierces the fascia of the popliteal fossa?

A

Small saphaneous vein

To empty into popliteal vein

36
Q

Describe a baker’s cyst

A

Inflammation and swelling of the semimembranosus bursa (fluid filled sac in the knee joint)
Arises with arthritis of knee (rheumatoid or osteo)
Usually selfresolves - the cyst can rupture and produce symptoms similar to DVT

37
Q

What is the deepest structure in the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal artery

38
Q

What is the most superficial contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Tibial and common fibular nerves

39
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

Dilation of an artery greater than 50% of normal diameter

40
Q

Consequences of an aneurysm in the popliteal artery?

A

Popliteal fascial roof is tough and non extensible
Compression of tibial nerve - leg anaesthesia/ loss of leg motor function
Aneurysm can be palpated by obvious pulsation in fossa with abnormal arterial sounds

47
Q

What are the borders of the femoral canal?

A

Medial border - lacunar ligament
Lateral border - femoral vein
Anterior border - inguinal ligament
Posterior border - pectineal ligament and superior rami of pubis
Superior border - femoral ring, closed by CT layer (femoral septum) pierced by lymphatic vessels exiting in the canal

Esa2 :D (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions