Lower Limb regional Flashcards
Pronation components in non-weight bearing
Eversion + abduction + dorsiflexion
Pronation components in weight bearing
Calcaneal eversion
Talar plantarflexion, adduction, internal rotation
Tibial internal rotation
3 components of knee joint stability in anatomical position
- Screw-home mechanism - medial rotation of the femur on tibia tightens ligaments
- Extensor moment - line of centre of gravity is anterior to knee joint and maintains extension
- Shape of femoral condyles - flat surfaces of femoral condyles is in contact with tibia and stabilises joint
Function of arches of the foot
- Dampen impact of weightbearing
- Protect neurovasculature
- Adapt to changes in supporting surfaces
- Dampen superimposed rotational movements
Screw-home mechanism
Extension + medial rotation
Flexion + lateral rotation
Lower limb frontal plane anatomical alignment
Line through shaft of femur and line through shaft of tibia
Angle formed by the intersection of the two line is normally ~5 degrees valgus
Feet are brought closer to the midline and there is less lateral movement of COM
Lower limb frontal plane mechanical alignment
Femoral mechanical axis = line from centre of femoral head to centre of intercondylar notch
Tibial mechanical axis = line from centre of tibial spines to centre of tibial plafond
Hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle = formed by the intersection between these two axis
- normally ~1 degree varus
Femoral angle of inclination
Angle formed between the neck of the femur and the shaft
Normally ~125 degrees
Coxa valga
Femoral angle of inclination >135 degrees
Decreases the efficiency of the hip abductors
Lessens degree of shearing
Greater focus of force and anterior aspect
Coxa vara
Femoral angle of inclination >120 degrees
Increases the efficiency of gluteus medius
Greater degree of shearing force
Greater bending moment
Femoral anteversion
Angle formed between the neck of femur and the condyles
~15 degrees
