Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy: Lower Limb Practical > Lower Limb Practical > Flashcards

Lower Limb Practical Flashcards

1
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

O: medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septum.

I: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit.

I: Lateral Plantar Nerve.

A: Abducts and flexes 5th digit.

BS: Medial-lateral plantar artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A

O: Medical tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis.

I: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit.

I: Medial Plantar Nerve.

A: Abducts and flexes 1st digit.

BS: Medial plantar and 1st plantar metatarsal arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

O: Body and inferior pubic ramus.

I: Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur.

I: Obturator Nerve.

A: Adducts thigh at hip, weak hip flexor.

BS: Profunda femoris.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adductor Hallucis

A

O: Oblique head- bases of 2nd through 4th metatarsals.
O: Transverse head- ligaments of metatarsophalangeal joints of digits 3-5.

I: Tendons of both heads lateral to side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit.

I: Deep Branch of Lateral Plantar Nerve

A: Adducts 1st digit, maintains transverse arch of foot.

BS: Medial and lateral plantar arteries and plantar arch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adductor Longus

A

O: Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest.

I: Middle third of linea aspera of femur.

I: Obturator Nerve (anterior division).

A: Adducts thigh at hip.

BS: Profunda femoris and medial circumflex femoral arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

O: Inferior pubic ramus, ramus of ischium.
O: Hamstring part- Sciatic nerve (tibial division).

I: Gluteral tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line.
I: Hamstring part- Adductor tubercle of femur.

I:Adductor part- Obturator Nerve.
I: Hamstring part- Sciatic Nerve (tibial division).

A: Adductor part- Adducts and flexes thigh.
A: Hamstring part- Extends thigh.

BS: Femoral, profunda femoris, and obturator arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Articularis Genus

A

O: Distal femur on anterior surface.

I: Suprapatellar bursa.

I: Femoral Nerve.

A: Pulls suprapatellar bursa superiorly with extension of knee.

BS: Femoral artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

O: Long head- Ischial tuberosity
O: Short head- Linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur.

I: Lateral side of head of fibula.

I: Long head- Sciatic Nerve (tibial division) (L5-S2)
I: Short head- Sciatic Nerve (common fibular division)

A: Flexes and laterally rotates leg, extends thigh at hip.

BS: Perforating branches of profunda femoris.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dorsal Interossei (4 muscles)

A

O: Adjacent sides of 1st through 5th metatarsals.

I: 1st- Medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit.
I: 2nd through 4th- lateral sides of digits 2-4.

I: Lateral Plantar Nerve.

A: Abduct 2nd through 4th toes, flex metatarsophalangeal joints, and extend phalanges.

BS: Arcuate artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis & Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A

O: Superolateral surface of calcaneus, lateral talocalcaneal ligament, cruciate crural ligament.

I: First tendon into dorsal surface of base of proximal phalanx of great toe: Other three tendons into lateral sides of tendons of extensor digitorum longus to digits 2-4.

I: Deep Fibular Nerve.

A: Aids the extensor digitorum longus in extending of 4 medial digits at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.

BS: Dorsalis Pedis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

O: Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal 3/4 of anterior surface of interosseous membrane and fibula.

I: Middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits.

I: Deep Fibular Nerve.

A: Extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes foot at ankle.

BS: Anterior tibial artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

O: Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.

I: Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe.

I: Deep fibular nerve.

A: Extends great toe, dorsiflexes foot at ankle.

BS: Anterior tibial artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fibularis Peroneus Brevis

A

O: Distal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula.

I: Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal.

I: Superficial Fibular Nerve.

A: Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes foot at ankle.

BS: Anterior tibial and fibular arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fibularis Peroneus Longus

A

O: Head and proximal 2/3 of lateral fibula.

I: Plantar base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform.

I: Superficial Fibular Nerve.

A: Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes foot at ankle.

BS: Anterior tibial and fibular arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fibularis Peroneous Tertius

A

O: Distal third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.

I: Dorsum of base of 5th metacarpal.

I: Deep Fibular Nerve.

A: Dorsiflexes foot at ankle and aids in eversion of foot.

BS: Anterior Tibial Artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

O: Base of 5th metatarsal.

I: Lateral base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit.

I: Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve.

A: Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit.

BS: Lateral plantar artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

O: Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septum.

I: Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits.

I: Medial Plantar Nerve.

A: Flexes 2nd through 5th digits.

BS: Medial and lateral plantar arteries and plantar arch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

O: Medial part of posterior tibia inferior to soleal line.

I: Plantar bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits.

I: Tibial Nerve.

A: Flexes lateral four digits and plantarflexes foot at ankle; Supports longitudinal arches of foot.

BS: Posterior Tibial Artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

O: Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform.

I: Both sides of proximal phalanx of 1st digit.

I: Medial Plantar Nerve.

A: Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit.

BS: Medial Plantar Artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

O: Distal 2/3 of posterior fibula and interosseous membrane.

I: Base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux).

I: Tibial Nerve.

A: Flexes all joints of great toe, weakly plantarflexes foot at ankle.

BS: Fibular Artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

O: Lateral Head- Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur.
O: Medial Head- Popliteal surface above medial condyle of femur.

I: Posterior aspect of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon.

I: Tibial Nerve.

A: Plantarflexes foot at ankle joint, assists in flexion of knee joint, raises heel during walking.

BS: Popliteal and Posterior Tibial Arteries.

22
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

O: Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament.

I: Most fibers end in iliotibial tract that inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; Some fibers insert into gluteal tuberosity of femur.

I: Inferior Gluteal Nerve.

A: Extends flexed thigh, assists in lateral rotation, and abducts thigh.

BS: Inferior Gluteal Arteries (occasionally superior gluteal arteries).

23
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

O: Lateral surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines.

I: Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur.

I: Superior Gluteal Nerve.

A: Adducts and medially rotates thigh at hips; Steadies pelvis on leg when opposite leg is raised.

BS: Superior Gluteal Artery.

24
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

O: Lateral surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines.

I: Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur.

I: Superior Gluteal Nerve.

A: Abducts and medially rotates thigh at hips; Steadies pelvis on leg when opposite leg is raised.

BS: Main trunk and deep branch of superior gluteal artery.

25
Gracilis
O: Body and inferior ramus of pubis. I: Superior part of medial surface of tibia. I: Obturator Nerve. A: Adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg. BS: Profunda Femoris Artery.
26
Iliacus (Iliopsoas)
O: Superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, iliac crest, ala of sacrum, anterior sacro-iliac ligaments. I: Lesser trochanter of femur and shaft inferior to it, to psoas major tendon. I: Femoral Nerve. A: Flexes thigh at hips and stabilizes hip joint, acts with psoas major. BS: Iliac branches of iliolumbar artery.
27
Inferior Gemellus
O: Ischial Tuberosity. I: Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur. I: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris. A: Laterally rotates extended thigh at the hip. BS: Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery.
28
Lumbricals
O: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus. I: Medial side of dorsal digital expansions of lateral 4 digits. I: Medial one- Medial Plantar Nerve. I: Lateral three- Lateral Plantar Nerve. A: Flexes proximal phalanges at MTP joint, extends phalanges at PIP and DIP joints. BS: Lateral Plantar Artery.
29
Obturator Externus
O: Margins of obturator foramen, obturator membrane. I: Trochanteric fossa of femur. I: Obturator Nerve. A: Laterally rotates thigh, stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum. BS: Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery
30
Obturator Internus
O: Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone. I: Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur. I: Nerve to Obturator Internus. A: Laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh at hip. BS: Internal pudendal and obturator arteries.
31
Pectineus
O: Superior ramus of pubis. I: Pectineal line of femur. I: Femoral Nerve (sometimes obturator nerve). A: Adducts and flexes thigh at hip. BS: Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery.
32
Piriformis
O: Anterior surface of sacral segments 2-4, sacrotuberous ligament. I: Superior border of greater trochanter of femur. I: Ventral Rami of L5, S1, S2. A: Laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh at hip. BS: Superior and inferior gluteal arteries.
33
Plantar Interossei (3 muscles)
O: Bases and medial sides of 3rd through 5th metatarsals. I: Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd through 5th digits. I: Lateral Plantar Nerve. A: Adducts digits (2-4) and flex metatarsophalangeal joint and extend phalanges. BS: Lateral Plantar Artery and Plantar Arch.
34
Plantaris
O: Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament. I: Posterior aspect of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon. I: Tibial Nerve. A: Weakly assists gastrocnemius. BS: Popliteal Artery.
35
Popliteus
O: Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur, lateral meniscus. I: Posterior tibia superior to soleal line. I: Tibial Nerve (L4-S1). A: Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur on fixed tibia. BS: Inferior Medial and Lateral Genicular Arteries.
36
Psoas Major (Iliopsoas)
O: Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, sides of bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae, intervening intervertebral discs. I: Lesser trochanter of femur. I: Ventral Rami of First Lumbar Nerve. A: Acting superiorly with iliacus, flexes hip; acting inferiorly, flexes vertebral column laterally; used to balance trunk in sitting position; acting inferiorly with iliacus, flexes trunk. BS: Lumbar Branches of Iliolumbar Artery.
37
Quadratus Femoris
O: Lateral margin of ischial tuberosity. I: Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur. I: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris. A: Laterally rotates thigh at hip. BS: Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery.
38
Quadratus Plantae
O: Medial and lateral sides of plantar surface of calcaneus. I: Posterolateral edge of flexor digitorum longus tendon. I: Lateral Plantar Nerve. A: Corrects for oblique pull of flexor digitorum longus tendon, thus assists in flexion of toes. BS: Medial and Lateral Plantar Arteries and Deep Plantar Arterial Arch.
39
Rectus Femoris (Quadriceps)
O: Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum. I: Base of patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament. I: Femoral Nerve. A: Extends leg at knee joint and flexes thigh at hip joint. BS: Profunda Femoris and Lateral Circumflex Femoral Arteries.
40
Sartorius
O: Anterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch below it. I: Superior part of medial surface of tibia. I: Femoral Nerve. A: Abducts, laterally rotates, and flexes thigh; flexes knee joint. BS: Femoral Artery.
41
Semimembranosus
O: Ischial Tuberosity. I: Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia. I: Sciatic Nerve (tibial division). A: Flexes leg, extends thigh. BS: Perforating Branch of Profunda Femoris and Medial Circumflex Femoral Arteries.
42
Semitendinosus
O: Ischial Tuberosity. I: Superior part of medial surface of tibia. I: Sciatic Nerve (tibial division). A: Flexes leg, extends thigh. BS: Perforating Branch of Profunda Femoris and Medial Circumflex Femoral Arteries.
43
Soleus
O: Posterior aspect of head of fibula, proximal 1/4 of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line of tibia. I: Posterior aspect of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon. I: Tibial Nerve. A: Plantarflexes foot at ankle, stabilizes leg over foot. BS: Popliteal, Posterior Tibial, and Fibular Arteries.
44
Superior Gemellus
O: Outer surface of ischial spine. I: Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur. I: Nerve to Obturator Internus. A: Laterally rotates extended thigh at the hip. BS: Inferior Gluteal and Internal Pudendal Arteries.
45
Tensor Fasciae Latae
O: Anterior superior iliac spine and anterior part of iliac crest. I: Iliotibial tract that attaches to lateral condyle of tibia. I: Superior Gluteal Nerve. A: Abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh at hip; helps to keep knee extended. BS: Ascending Branch of Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery.
46
Tibialis Anterior
O: Lateral condyle, proximal half of lateral tibia, interosseous membrane. I: Medial plantar surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal. I: Deep Fibular Nerve. A: Dorsiflexes foot at ankle and inverts foot. BS: Anterior Tibial Artery.
47
Tibialis Posterior
O: Posterior tibia below soleal line, interosseous membrane, proximal half of posterior fibula. I: Tuberosity of navicular bone, all cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd through 4th metatarsals. I: Tibial Nerve. A: Plantarflexes foot at ankle and inverts foot. BS: Fibular Artery.
48
Vastus Intermedius (Quadriceps)
O: Anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur. I: Base of patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament. I: Femoral Nerve. A: Extends leg at knee joint. BS: Lateral Circumflex Femoral and Profunda Femoris Arteries.
49
Vastus Lateralis (Quadriceps)
O: Greater trochanter, lateral lip of linea aspera of femur. I: Base of patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament. I: Femoral Nerve. A: Extends leg at knee joint. BS: Lateral Cicumflex Femoral and Profunda Femoris Arteries.
50
Vastus Medialis (Quadriceps)
O: Intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera of femur. I: Base of patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament. I: Femoral Nerve. A: Extends leg at knee joint. BS: Femoral and Profunda Femoris Arteries.

Anatomy: Lower Limb Practical (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions