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Anatomy: Lower Limb Practical > Lower Limb Practical > Flashcards

Lower Limb Practical Flashcards

1
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

O: medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septum.

I: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit.

I: Lateral Plantar Nerve.

A: Abducts and flexes 5th digit.

BS: Medial-lateral plantar artery.

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2
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A

O: Medical tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis.

I: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit.

I: Medial Plantar Nerve.

A: Abducts and flexes 1st digit.

BS: Medial plantar and 1st plantar metatarsal arteries.

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3
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

O: Body and inferior pubic ramus.

I: Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur.

I: Obturator Nerve.

A: Adducts thigh at hip, weak hip flexor.

BS: Profunda femoris.

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4
Q

Adductor Hallucis

A

O: Oblique head- bases of 2nd through 4th metatarsals.
O: Transverse head- ligaments of metatarsophalangeal joints of digits 3-5.

I: Tendons of both heads lateral to side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit.

I: Deep Branch of Lateral Plantar Nerve

A: Adducts 1st digit, maintains transverse arch of foot.

BS: Medial and lateral plantar arteries and plantar arch.

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5
Q

Adductor Longus

A

O: Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest.

I: Middle third of linea aspera of femur.

I: Obturator Nerve (anterior division).

A: Adducts thigh at hip.

BS: Profunda femoris and medial circumflex femoral arteries.

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6
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

O: Inferior pubic ramus, ramus of ischium.
O: Hamstring part- Sciatic nerve (tibial division).

I: Gluteral tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line.
I: Hamstring part- Adductor tubercle of femur.

I:Adductor part- Obturator Nerve.
I: Hamstring part- Sciatic Nerve (tibial division).

A: Adductor part- Adducts and flexes thigh.
A: Hamstring part- Extends thigh.

BS: Femoral, profunda femoris, and obturator arteries.

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7
Q

Articularis Genus

A

O: Distal femur on anterior surface.

I: Suprapatellar bursa.

I: Femoral Nerve.

A: Pulls suprapatellar bursa superiorly with extension of knee.

BS: Femoral artery.

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8
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

O: Long head- Ischial tuberosity
O: Short head- Linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur.

I: Lateral side of head of fibula.

I: Long head- Sciatic Nerve (tibial division) (L5-S2)
I: Short head- Sciatic Nerve (common fibular division)

A: Flexes and laterally rotates leg, extends thigh at hip.

BS: Perforating branches of profunda femoris.

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9
Q

Dorsal Interossei (4 muscles)

A

O: Adjacent sides of 1st through 5th metatarsals.

I: 1st- Medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit.
I: 2nd through 4th- lateral sides of digits 2-4.

I: Lateral Plantar Nerve.

A: Abduct 2nd through 4th toes, flex metatarsophalangeal joints, and extend phalanges.

BS: Arcuate artery.

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10
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis & Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A

O: Superolateral surface of calcaneus, lateral talocalcaneal ligament, cruciate crural ligament.

I: First tendon into dorsal surface of base of proximal phalanx of great toe: Other three tendons into lateral sides of tendons of extensor digitorum longus to digits 2-4.

I: Deep Fibular Nerve.

A: Aids the extensor digitorum longus in extending of 4 medial digits at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.

BS: Dorsalis Pedis.

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11
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

O: Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal 3/4 of anterior surface of interosseous membrane and fibula.

I: Middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits.

I: Deep Fibular Nerve.

A: Extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes foot at ankle.

BS: Anterior tibial artery.

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12
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

O: Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.

I: Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe.

I: Deep fibular nerve.

A: Extends great toe, dorsiflexes foot at ankle.

BS: Anterior tibial artery.

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13
Q

Fibularis Peroneus Brevis

A

O: Distal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula.

I: Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal.

I: Superficial Fibular Nerve.

A: Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes foot at ankle.

BS: Anterior tibial and fibular arteries.

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14
Q

Fibularis Peroneus Longus

A

O: Head and proximal 2/3 of lateral fibula.

I: Plantar base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform.

I: Superficial Fibular Nerve.

A: Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes foot at ankle.

BS: Anterior tibial and fibular arteries.

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15
Q

Fibularis Peroneous Tertius

A

O: Distal third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.

I: Dorsum of base of 5th metacarpal.

I: Deep Fibular Nerve.

A: Dorsiflexes foot at ankle and aids in eversion of foot.

BS: Anterior Tibial Artery.

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16
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

O: Base of 5th metatarsal.

I: Lateral base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit.

I: Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve.

A: Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit.

BS: Lateral plantar artery.

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17
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

O: Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septum.

I: Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits.

I: Medial Plantar Nerve.

A: Flexes 2nd through 5th digits.

BS: Medial and lateral plantar arteries and plantar arch.

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18
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

O: Medial part of posterior tibia inferior to soleal line.

I: Plantar bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits.

I: Tibial Nerve.

A: Flexes lateral four digits and plantarflexes foot at ankle; Supports longitudinal arches of foot.

BS: Posterior Tibial Artery.

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19
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

O: Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform.

I: Both sides of proximal phalanx of 1st digit.

I: Medial Plantar Nerve.

A: Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit.

BS: Medial Plantar Artery.

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20
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

O: Distal 2/3 of posterior fibula and interosseous membrane.

I: Base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux).

I: Tibial Nerve.

A: Flexes all joints of great toe, weakly plantarflexes foot at ankle.

BS: Fibular Artery.

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21
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

O: Lateral Head- Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur.
O: Medial Head- Popliteal surface above medial condyle of femur.

I: Posterior aspect of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon.

I: Tibial Nerve.

A: Plantarflexes foot at ankle joint, assists in flexion of knee joint, raises heel during walking.

BS: Popliteal and Posterior Tibial Arteries.

22
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

O: Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament.

I: Most fibers end in iliotibial tract that inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; Some fibers insert into gluteal tuberosity of femur.

I: Inferior Gluteal Nerve.

A: Extends flexed thigh, assists in lateral rotation, and abducts thigh.

BS: Inferior Gluteal Arteries (occasionally superior gluteal arteries).

23
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

O: Lateral surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines.

I: Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur.

I: Superior Gluteal Nerve.

A: Adducts and medially rotates thigh at hips; Steadies pelvis on leg when opposite leg is raised.

BS: Superior Gluteal Artery.

24
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

O: Lateral surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines.

I: Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur.

I: Superior Gluteal Nerve.

A: Abducts and medially rotates thigh at hips; Steadies pelvis on leg when opposite leg is raised.

BS: Main trunk and deep branch of superior gluteal artery.

25
Q

Gracilis

A

O: Body and inferior ramus of pubis.

I: Superior part of medial surface of tibia.

I: Obturator Nerve.

A: Adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg.

BS: Profunda Femoris Artery.

26
Q

Iliacus (Iliopsoas)

A

O: Superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, iliac crest, ala of sacrum, anterior sacro-iliac ligaments.

I: Lesser trochanter of femur and shaft inferior to it, to psoas major tendon.

I: Femoral Nerve.

A: Flexes thigh at hips and stabilizes hip joint, acts with psoas major.

BS: Iliac branches of iliolumbar artery.

27
Q

Inferior Gemellus

A

O: Ischial Tuberosity.

I: Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur.

I: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris.

A: Laterally rotates extended thigh at the hip.

BS: Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery.

28
Q

Lumbricals

A

O: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus.

I: Medial side of dorsal digital expansions of lateral 4 digits.

I: Medial one- Medial Plantar Nerve.
I: Lateral three- Lateral Plantar Nerve.

A: Flexes proximal phalanges at MTP joint, extends phalanges at PIP and DIP joints.

BS: Lateral Plantar Artery.

29
Q

Obturator Externus

A

O: Margins of obturator foramen, obturator membrane.

I: Trochanteric fossa of femur.

I: Obturator Nerve.

A: Laterally rotates thigh, stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum.

BS: Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery

30
Q

Obturator Internus

A

O: Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone.

I: Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur.

I: Nerve to Obturator Internus.

A: Laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh at hip.

BS: Internal pudendal and obturator arteries.

31
Q

Pectineus

A

O: Superior ramus of pubis.

I: Pectineal line of femur.

I: Femoral Nerve (sometimes obturator nerve).

A: Adducts and flexes thigh at hip.

BS: Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery.

32
Q

Piriformis

A

O: Anterior surface of sacral segments 2-4, sacrotuberous ligament.

I: Superior border of greater trochanter of femur.

I: Ventral Rami of L5, S1, S2.

A: Laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh at hip.

BS: Superior and inferior gluteal arteries.

33
Q

Plantar Interossei (3 muscles)

A

O: Bases and medial sides of 3rd through 5th metatarsals.

I: Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd through 5th digits.

I: Lateral Plantar Nerve.

A: Adducts digits (2-4) and flex metatarsophalangeal joint and extend phalanges.

BS: Lateral Plantar Artery and Plantar Arch.

34
Q

Plantaris

A

O: Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament.

I: Posterior aspect of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon.

I: Tibial Nerve.

A: Weakly assists gastrocnemius.

BS: Popliteal Artery.

35
Q

Popliteus

A

O: Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur, lateral meniscus.

I: Posterior tibia superior to soleal line.

I: Tibial Nerve (L4-S1).

A: Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur on fixed tibia.

BS: Inferior Medial and Lateral Genicular Arteries.

36
Q

Psoas Major (Iliopsoas)

A

O: Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, sides of bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae, intervening intervertebral discs.

I: Lesser trochanter of femur.

I: Ventral Rami of First Lumbar Nerve.

A: Acting superiorly with iliacus, flexes hip; acting inferiorly, flexes vertebral column laterally; used to balance trunk in sitting position; acting inferiorly with iliacus, flexes trunk.

BS: Lumbar Branches of Iliolumbar Artery.

37
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

O: Lateral margin of ischial tuberosity.

I: Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur.

I: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris.

A: Laterally rotates thigh at hip.

BS: Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery.

38
Q

Quadratus Plantae

A

O: Medial and lateral sides of plantar surface of calcaneus.

I: Posterolateral edge of flexor digitorum longus tendon.

I: Lateral Plantar Nerve.

A: Corrects for oblique pull of flexor digitorum longus tendon, thus assists in flexion of toes.

BS: Medial and Lateral Plantar Arteries and Deep Plantar Arterial Arch.

39
Q

Rectus Femoris (Quadriceps)

A

O: Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum.

I: Base of patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament.

I: Femoral Nerve.

A: Extends leg at knee joint and flexes thigh at hip joint.

BS: Profunda Femoris and Lateral Circumflex Femoral Arteries.

40
Q

Sartorius

A

O: Anterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch below it.

I: Superior part of medial surface of tibia.

I: Femoral Nerve.

A: Abducts, laterally rotates, and flexes thigh; flexes knee joint.

BS: Femoral Artery.

41
Q

Semimembranosus

A

O: Ischial Tuberosity.

I: Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia.

I: Sciatic Nerve (tibial division).

A: Flexes leg, extends thigh.

BS: Perforating Branch of Profunda Femoris and Medial Circumflex Femoral Arteries.

42
Q

Semitendinosus

A

O: Ischial Tuberosity.

I: Superior part of medial surface of tibia.

I: Sciatic Nerve (tibial division).

A: Flexes leg, extends thigh.

BS: Perforating Branch of Profunda Femoris and Medial Circumflex Femoral Arteries.

43
Q

Soleus

A

O: Posterior aspect of head of fibula, proximal 1/4 of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line of tibia.

I: Posterior aspect of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon.

I: Tibial Nerve.

A: Plantarflexes foot at ankle, stabilizes leg over foot.

BS: Popliteal, Posterior Tibial, and Fibular Arteries.

44
Q

Superior Gemellus

A

O: Outer surface of ischial spine.

I: Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur.

I: Nerve to Obturator Internus.

A: Laterally rotates extended thigh at the hip.

BS: Inferior Gluteal and Internal Pudendal Arteries.

45
Q

Tensor Fasciae Latae

A

O: Anterior superior iliac spine and anterior part of iliac crest.

I: Iliotibial tract that attaches to lateral condyle of tibia.

I: Superior Gluteal Nerve.

A: Abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh at hip; helps to keep knee extended.

BS: Ascending Branch of Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery.

46
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

O: Lateral condyle, proximal half of lateral tibia, interosseous membrane.

I: Medial plantar surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal.

I: Deep Fibular Nerve.

A: Dorsiflexes foot at ankle and inverts foot.

BS: Anterior Tibial Artery.

47
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

O: Posterior tibia below soleal line, interosseous membrane, proximal half of posterior fibula.

I: Tuberosity of navicular bone, all cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd through 4th metatarsals.

I: Tibial Nerve.

A: Plantarflexes foot at ankle and inverts foot.

BS: Fibular Artery.

48
Q

Vastus Intermedius (Quadriceps)

A

O: Anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur.

I: Base of patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament.

I: Femoral Nerve.

A: Extends leg at knee joint.

BS: Lateral Circumflex Femoral and Profunda Femoris Arteries.

49
Q

Vastus Lateralis (Quadriceps)

A

O: Greater trochanter, lateral lip of linea aspera of femur.

I: Base of patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament.

I: Femoral Nerve.

A: Extends leg at knee joint.

BS: Lateral Cicumflex Femoral and Profunda Femoris Arteries.

50
Q

Vastus Medialis (Quadriceps)

A

O: Intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera of femur.

I: Base of patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament.

I: Femoral Nerve.

A: Extends leg at knee joint.

BS: Femoral and Profunda Femoris Arteries.

Anatomy: Lower Limb Practical (1 decks)

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