Lower Limb Neuro Flashcards
What gait is broad-based and unsteady?
Ataxic
If an ataxic gait is due to sensory ataxia what additional finding may be seen?
Watching their feet to compensate for loss of proprioception
If an ataxic gait is due to cerebellar pathology what additional finding may be seen?
May veer to one side
What gait has small, shuffling steps and a stooped posture?
Parkinsonian
What can cause a high-stepping gait?
Foot drop (weakness of ankle dorsiflexion)
What gait presents with shoulders swinging side to side and leg lifting aided by truncal tilting?
Waddling gait
What can cause a waddling gait?
Proximal lower limb weakness
What is a hemiparetic gait?
One leg is held stiffly and swings around in an arc with each stride
What is spastic paraparesis?
Similar to hemoparetic gait but bilateral.
Feet may also be inverted
What is clonus?
Rhythmical beats of dorsiflexion/plantarflexion (>5 is abnormal)
Which nerve root(s) are responsible for hip flexion?
L1/2
Which nerve root(s) are responsible for hip extension?
L5/S1
Which nerve root(s) are responsible for hip abduction?
L4/5
Which nerve root(s) are responsible for hip adduction?
L2/3
Which nerve root(s) are responsible for knee flexion?
S1
Which nerve root(s) are responsible for knee extension?
L3/4
Which nerve root(s) are responsible for ankle dorsiflexion?
L4
Which nerve root(s) are responsible for ankle plantarflexion?
S1/2
Which nerve root(s) are responsible for ankle inversion?
L4
Which nerve root(s) are responsible for ankle eversion?
L5/S1
Which nerve root(s) are responsible for big toe extension?
L5
What does an abnormal plantar reflex look like?
Extension of the big toe and spreading of other toes
What does an normal plantar reflex look like?
Flexion of toes
What does an abnormal plantar reflex indicate?
UMN pathology
