lower limb fractures Flashcards
types of femoral fractures
proximal end
shaft
distal end
what is a capital fracture
fracture of the head
what is a subcaptial fracture
below femoral head
what is a transcerival fracture
across mid femoral neck
what is a basicervical fracture
across base of femoral neck
types of extra capsular fractures
intertrochanteric
subtrochanteric
what is the classification for femoral neck fractures
Garden classification
grading
1 - incomplete impacted fracture of fem neck
2 - complete undisplaced fracture
3 - complete fracture with moderate displacement
4 - severely displaced fracture
what is pauwels classification
angle the fracture line makes with the horizontal
1 -30
2- 50
3 - 70
what causes a femoral shaft fracture
high force trauma
what are extra - articular/ supracondylar fractures
fracture doesn’t extend to knee joint line
what are partial articular or condylar fractures
fracture extends to knee joint byt part of condyles remain attatched to femur shaft
what are complete articular or intercondylar fractures
fracture extends to knee joint but condyles are completely separated from femur shaft
tibial fractures
may be depression of plateau surface, displacement of fracture
lipohaemarthrosis - blood and fat leakage from bone marrow into joint
what does the weber fracture classify
lateral malleolar fractures according to their position in relation to distal tibiofibular sydesmosis (fibrous joint)
weber classification
A - distal to ankle joint
B - level of ankle joint
C - proximal to ankle joint
what is the Maisonneuve fracture
spiral fracture of proximal third of fibula with tear of distal tibiofibular sydesmosis and interosseous membrane
what is an osteochondral fracture
fracture of talus bone
what causes calcaneal fractures
falling from height
comminuted and intra artiticular
what is bohlers angle
20-40 degrees
highest point on anterior process to highest point of posterior facest
what is bohlers angle
20-40 degrees
highest point on anterior process to highest point of posterior facest
what is the critical angle of gissane
120-145
line along lateral margin of posterior facet and beak of calcaneus.
what does the sanders system classify
intrarticular fractures (calcaneal fractures)
