Lower limb and hip Flashcards
what are the 6 regions of the lower leg?
gluteal, femoral, knee, leg, ankle and foot.
what is the proper name for your butt crack?
intergluteal cleft
what are the superficial muscles of the gluteal region?
the gluteus maximus, the gluteus medius, the gluteus minimus and the tensor fascia latae
what is the tensor fascia latae?
a superficial gluteal muscle and the muscular part of the fascia latae.
what movements of the thigh do the superficial gluteal muscles carry out?
extensors, abductors and medial rotators of the thigh.
what two nerves supply the gluteal region and what structures do they innervate?
the inferior gluteal nerve supplies the gluteus maximus. the superior gluteal nerve does the other three muscles.
where is the inferior gluteal neurovascular bundle located?
deep to the gluteus maximus.
what nerve roots are included in the inferior gluteal nerve?
L1, S1 and S2.
what are the four deep muscles of the gluteal region?
piriformis, obturator internus, gemeli and quadratus femoris.
what movements do the deep muscles of the gluteal region cause?
lateral rotation of the thigh and they stabilise the hip
what plexus supplies the gluteal region?
the sacral plexus.
what does the gluteus maximus attach to?
the iliac crest, sacrum, the sacrotuberous ligament, the coccyx, the gluteal tuberosity of the femur and the iliotibial tract.
what is the iliotibial tract otherwise called?
the iliotibial band.
what is the main function of the gluteus maximus?
extension of the hip. used climbing stairs or getting up from a chair.
where do the gluteus medius and minimus both attach?
to the ilium and the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur.
what movements do the gluteus medius and minimus cause?
abduct and medially rotate the thigh.
where is the gluteus medius nerve located?
deep to the gluteus medius
what can damage to the gluteus medius and minimus called?
trendelenburgs gate.
what movement do the deep layer of gluteal muscles cause?
lateral rotation of the hip.
where do all the deep gluteal muscles attach to laterally?
the greater trochanter of the femur
what role other than movement do the deep gluteal muscles serve?
stabilise the head of the femur in the acetabulum.
where do nerves enter and exit the pelvis and perineum?
via the greater and lesser sciatic foramen.
what does the greater sciatic foramen have travelling through it?
the piriformis muscle (mainly)
what does the lesser sciatic foramen contain?
the pudendal nerves and vessels (mostly)