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MSK > Lower Limb Anatomy > Flashcards

Lower Limb Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The four superficial muscles of the gluteal region

A

Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Minimus
Gluteus Medius
Tensor Fascia Latea

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2
Q

Which gluteal muscle is supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

Gluteus Maximus

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3
Q

Which nerve innervates the other three superficial muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve

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4
Q

What motions do the superficial gluteal muscles carry out?

A

Abduction
Extension
Medial Rotation

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5
Q

Problems with abductors causes what clinical sign?

A

Trendelenberg’s Gait

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6
Q

List the Deep Gluteal Muscles

A

Piriformis
Gemelli
Obturator Internus
Quadratus Femoris

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7
Q

What nerve’s supply the deep gluteal muscles?

A

Nerves from the sacral plexus

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8
Q

What movements do the deep gluteal muscles carry out?

A

Lateral Rotation

Hip Stabilisers

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9
Q

What makes up the Greater Sciatic Foramen?

A

Sacrotuberous Ligament

Sacrospinous Ligament

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10
Q

Most lateral structure to exit the greater sciatic foramen, inferior to the piriformis?

A

The sciatic nerve

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11
Q

Name of Artery specifically to supply the sciatic nerve

A

Artery to the sciatic nerve

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12
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve divide - and what does it become?

A

The distal thigh

Common Fibular and Tibial nerves

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13
Q

Flexors of the thigh in the anterior compartment?

A

Pectinus
Iliopsoas
Sartorius

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14
Q

Extensors of the leg in the anterior thigh compartment?

A

Quadriceps Femoris Group

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15
Q

Nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral Nerve

L2,3,4

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16
Q

Muscles of the Medial Thigh compartment?

A 
Adductor Longus 
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
Obturator Externus
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17
Q

What does the obturator nerve supply?

A

Muscles of the medial thigh compartment

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18
Q

Which muscle is the hamstring part of?

A

The Adductor Magnus

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19
Q

What supplies half of the adductor magnus?

A

Tibial nerve

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20
Q

What is vulnerable to avulsion fractures?

A

The hamstring

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21
Q

Muscles of the Posterior compartment of the thigh

A

Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

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22
Q

Function of thigh’s posterior compartment muscles?

A

Thigh Extension

Leg Flexion

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23
Q

Nerve supply to the posterior thigh

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve

L5, S1, S2

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24
Q

The short head of which muscle is supplied by the common fibular nerve?

A

Biceps Femoris

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25
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallicus Longus
Fibularis Tertius

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26
Q

Nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Peroneal Nerve a.k.a deep fibular nerve

This is a branch of the common fibular nerve

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27
Q

What is the function of the anterior leg muscles?

A

Dorsi flexion of ankle

Extensors of the toes

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28
Q

Lateral Compartment of the Leg Muscles?

A

Fibularis Longus

Fibularis Brevis

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29
Q

Movements of the lateral leg muscles?

A

Weak plantar flexion of ankle

Evert foot

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30
Q

Nerve supply to the lateral leg compartment

A

Superficial Fibular Nerve

L5, S1, S2

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31
Q

What is the posterior leg compartment divided into?

A

Superficial and Deep muscle groups

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32
Q

Gastrocnemius Soleus and Plantaris are muscles of which compartment?

A

The superficial posterior leg

33
Q

What does the tibial nerve supply?

A

All muscles of the posterior leg compartment, both deep and superficial

34
Q

Deep Muscles of the Posterior Leg?

A

Popliteus
Flexor Hallicus Longus
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Tibialis Posterior

35
Q

Responsible for toe flexion and ankle plantarflexion

A

Deep Muscles of Posterior Leg

36
Q

Superficial Muscles of Posterior leg Movements?

A

Ankle Plantarflexion

37
Q

Another name for the calcaneal tendon?

A

Achilles Tendon

38
Q

What two muscle tendons form the Achilles?

A

Gastrocnemius and Soleus

39
Q

Where does the calcaneal tendon attach?

A

Calcaneal tuberosity of the calcaneous

40
Q

Popliteal fascia forms the ? of the popliteal fossa?

A

Roof

41
Q

Supermedial boundary of the popliteal fossa?

A

Semimembranosus

42
Q

Inferior boundary of the popliteal fossa is the biceps femoris? True or False?

A

False.
The gastrocnemius is the inferior boundary.
The Biceps Femoris is the superiolateral boundary

43
Q

Terminal Small Saphenous Vein can be found here?

A

The popliteal fossa

44
Q

Hip and Knee joints are synovial? True/False?

A

True

Both have and external fibrous layer and an internal membranous layer

45
Q

Artery Branch of Obturator which supplies femoral head?

A

Artery to the head of the femur

46
Q

Branches of the deep femoral artery?

A

Medial and Lateral Circumflex Femoral Arteries

47
Q

Ligamentum Teres attaches the ? of the femoral head to the ?.

A

Fovea Capitas to the Acetabulum of the hip

48
Q

Where in the femur is there a ring of anastomosis?

A

Neck

49
Q

This can be used as a tendon graft in ACL reconstruction

A

Semitendinosus

50
Q

Quad Tendon and Patellar Tendon both attach here?

A

The patella

51
Q

What happens if the arteries to the femur get blocked?

A

Avascular Necrosis

52
Q

Referred pain due to hip pathology from obturator nerve occurs here?

A

The knee

53
Q

What is the adductor hiatus?

A

A gap between the femur and the adductor magnus?

54
Q

Role of the adductor hiatus?

A

Transmits femoral artery and vein from hunter’s canal to popliteal fossa

55
Q

This supplies sensation to medial calf and shin?

A

Saphenous Nerve

56
Q

Role of knee menisci?

A

Shock absorbers

between femoral condyle and plateau

57
Q

This menisci tears more often?

A

Medial

9:1

58
Q

Which menisci is more mobile?

A

lateral

59
Q

This ligament resits valgus stress?

A

Medial Collateral Ligament (a.k.a MCL)

60
Q

ACL resists ? rotation and anterior tibial translation?`

A

Internal rotation

61
Q

Posterior Collateral Ligament (PCL) resists both anterior and posterior tibial translation? True/False?

A

True.

Mainly resists posterior translation, but can resist anterior in certain situations e.g. descending stairs

62
Q

Resists Varus stress and external rotation?

A

Lateral Collateral Ligament (a.k.a LCL)

63
Q

Genu Varum has an increased risk of what - Medial or Lateral osteoarthritis?

A

Medial

64
Q

Genu Valgum has an increased risk of what - Medial or Lateral osteoarthritis?

A

Lateral

65
Q

4 Main bursae of the knee?

A

Suprapatellar
Prepatellar
Infrapatellar
Pes Anserine

66
Q

What is tarsal coalition?

A

Abnormal connections between the tarsal bones

67
Q

The posterior tibialis tendon and the plantar fascia (tendon) form what?

A

The medial arch of the foot

68
Q

Elongation of what causes flat foot?

A

Posterior tibialis tendon

69
Q

Where does the posterior tibialis tendon insert?

A

Navicular Tuberosity

Plantar surface of medial Cuneiform

70
Q

How many ligaments must be damaged in a sprain for an ankle to become unstable?

A

2 out of 3

71
Q

What is the deltoid ligament?

A

Medial Collateral Ligament of the Foot/Ankle

a.k.a the ligament of the medial foot

72
Q

Position and function of the interosseous tibiofibular ligament

A

Between the tibia and fibula

Maintains ankle stability

73
Q

Muscle at the side of the foot responsible for flexing big toe?

A

Flexor Hallicus Brevis

74
Q

Subtalar Joint is also known as the?

A

Talocalcaneal Joint

75
Q

Anterior and Posterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament are what?

A

Lateral ligaments of the ankle

76
Q

Deltoid Ligaments connect ?

A

Medial malleolus of tibia to Talus bone

77
Q

How many ligaments is the deltoid ligament composed of?

A

4 ligaments

78
Q

When someone presents with an ankle dislocation what else must you check for?

A

Fractures of the fibular or tibia

MSK (5 decks)

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