Lower Limb Anatomy

Question 1

What nerve roots are you trying to avoid in buttock injection?

Answer 1

L4-S3 (sciatic nerve)

Question 2

Sciatic nerve passes under what muscles and through which foramen?

Answer 2

Under piriformis and out greater sciatic foramen

Question 3

Femoral artery located

Answer 3

At mid-inguinal point

Question 4

Contents of inguinal canal

Answer 4

Lateral to medial

Nerve, artery, vein, empty space, lymphatics

Question 5

Trendelburg sign

Answer 5

tests the side the leg is standing on and superior gluteal nerve

Question 6

superior gluteal nerve function

Answer 6

gluteus medius and minimus

Question 7

compartment syndrome presentation

Answer 7

Pain
Pulselessness
Parasthesia
Pallor
Paralysis
Perishingly Cold

Question 8

Femoral heads dislocate

Answer 8

Posterioly and superiorly and internally rotated

Question 9

Concern about necrosis to femoral head

Answer 9

Intracapsular fracture, disrupts medial circumflex femoral artery

Question 10

shaft fractures of humerus endanger

Answer 10

deep femoral artery which can cause huge blood loss and compartment syndrome

Question 11

ACL injury usually from?

Answer 11

posterior force and twisting (landing awkwardly, forward movement of tibia)

Question 12

PCL injury from

Answer 12

dashboard injury - posterior movement of tibia

Question 13

Collateral ligament injury

Answer 13

From force to opposite aspect causing stretching of that ligament

Question 14

unhappy triad and MOI

Answer 14

medial meniscus, MCL, ACL

MOI - lateral force to knee and they are conneced

Question 15

Common fibular nerve actions and damage

Answer 15

dorsiflexion of foot, tibialis anterior, resulting is foot drop

Question 16

Leg myotomes

Answer 16

Hip flexion: L2,3 (I need to pee)
Hip extension: L5, S1,2 (I need to poo)
Hip abduction: L4, 5, S1  (lets have some fun)
Hip adduction: L2,3,4 (I'm not a whore)
Knee flexion: L5, S1 (to my bum)
Knee extension: L3, 4 (kick the door)
Plantar Flexion: S1,2 (Ballerina shoe)
Dorsi Flexion: L4, 5 (toes to the sky)
Eversion and Inversion: L5, S1 (funny walk)

Question 17

Femoral nerve

Answer 17

L2-4
Midpoint inguinal ligament
Through femoral triangle
Hip flexion (quadracepts)

Question 18

Obturator nerve

Answer 18

L2-4
Through obturator canal
Hip adductors

Question 19

Sciatic Nerve

Answer 19

L4-S3

Inferior to piriformis and deep to long head biceps femoris)

Question 20

Common fibular nerve

Answer 20

L4-S3
Splits into Superficial fibular and deep fibular nerve

Deep fibular (L4-5): runs anteriorly with anterior tibial artery, supplies anterior compartment of leg

Superficial fibular (L4-S1): cutaneous sensation to alterolateral leg

Question 21

Tibial Nerve

Answer 21

L4 - S3

supplying motor posterior compartment of leg and sensory to posterolateral leg