Lower Limb Anatomy Flashcards
What nerve roots are you trying to avoid in buttock injection?
L4-S3 (sciatic nerve)
Sciatic nerve passes under what muscles and through which foramen?
Under piriformis and out greater sciatic foramen
Femoral artery located
At mid-inguinal point
Contents of inguinal canal
Lateral to medial
Nerve, artery, vein, empty space, lymphatics
Trendelburg sign
tests the side the leg is standing on and superior gluteal nerve
superior gluteal nerve function
gluteus medius and minimus
compartment syndrome presentation
Pain Pulselessness Parasthesia Pallor Paralysis Perishingly Cold
Femoral heads dislocate
Posterioly and superiorly and internally rotated
Concern about necrosis to femoral head
Intracapsular fracture, disrupts medial circumflex femoral artery
shaft fractures of humerus endanger
deep femoral artery which can cause huge blood loss and compartment syndrome
ACL injury usually from?
posterior force and twisting (landing awkwardly, forward movement of tibia)
PCL injury from
dashboard injury - posterior movement of tibia
Collateral ligament injury
From force to opposite aspect causing stretching of that ligament
unhappy triad and MOI
medial meniscus, MCL, ACL
MOI - lateral force to knee and they are conneced
Common fibular nerve actions and damage
dorsiflexion of foot, tibialis anterior, resulting is foot drop
Leg myotomes
Hip flexion: L2,3 (I need to pee) Hip extension: L5, S1,2 (I need to poo) Hip abduction: L4, 5, S1 (lets have some fun) Hip adduction: L2,3,4 (I'm not a whore) Knee flexion: L5, S1 (to my bum) Knee extension: L3, 4 (kick the door) Plantar Flexion: S1,2 (Ballerina shoe) Dorsi Flexion: L4, 5 (toes to the sky) Eversion and Inversion: L5, S1 (funny walk)
Femoral nerve
L2-4
Midpoint inguinal ligament
Through femoral triangle
Hip flexion (quadracepts)
Obturator nerve
L2-4
Through obturator canal
Hip adductors
Sciatic Nerve
L4-S3
Inferior to piriformis and deep to long head biceps femoris)
Common fibular nerve
L4-S3
Splits into Superficial fibular and deep fibular nerve
Deep fibular (L4-5): runs anteriorly with anterior tibial artery, supplies anterior compartment of leg
Superficial fibular (L4-S1): cutaneous sensation to alterolateral leg
Tibial Nerve
L4 - S3
supplying motor posterior compartment of leg and sensory to posterolateral leg
