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Yr 2 - MSK Anatomy > Lower Limb Anatomy > Flashcards

Lower Limb Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles make up the superficial group of the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Tensor fascia latae

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2
Q

What is the innervation of the superficial muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus maximus = inferior gluteal nerve

All others = superior gluteal nerve

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3
Q

What muscles make up the deep group of the gluteal region?

A

Piriformis

Obturator internus

Gemelli

Quadratus femoris

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4
Q

What is the innervation of the deep muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Nerves from sacral plexus

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5
Q

Name A, B, and C

A

A - Tensor fascia latae

B - Gluteus medius

C - Quadratus femoris

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6
Q

Name A, B, C and D

A

A - Gluteus maximus

B - Obturator internus

C - Gemelli

D - Piriformis

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7
Q

Name A and B

A

A - Greater sciatic foramen

B - Sacrotuberous ligament

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8
Q

Name A and B

A

A - Lesser sciatic foramen

B - Sacrospinous ligament

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9
Q

What does the pudendal nerve (S2-S4) supply?

A

Perineum

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10
Q

What is the principal nerve to supply the perineum?

A

Pudendal (S2-S4)

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11
Q

What does the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S1-S3) supply?

A

Skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum, and upper medial thigh

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12
Q

What is the nerve to supply the skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum, and upper medial thigh?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S1-S3)

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13
Q

What does the sciatic nerve (L4-S3) supply?

A

Posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles, and most of skin via tibial and common fibular branches

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14
Q

What is the nerve supply to the posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles, and most of skin via tibial and common fibular branches?

A

Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

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15
Q

What artery supplies the sciatic nerve (L4-S3)?

A

Artery to the sciatic nerve

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16
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve (L4-S3) seperate into the tibial nerve and common fibular?

A

Distal thigh

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17
Q

What does the sciatic nerve (L4-S3) seperate into?

A

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

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18
Q

What are the superior, medial, lateral, floor, and roof boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

Superior - inguinal ligament

Medial - lateral border of adductor longus

Lateral - medial border of sartorius

Floor - iliopsoas and pectineus

Roof - deep fascia

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19
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve

Femoral artery

Femoral vein

Lymphatics

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20
Q

Name A, B, and C

A

A - Fibula

B - Tibia

C - Superficial fascia

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21
Q

What muscles are contained in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Pectineus

Iliosoas

Sartorius

(flexors of thigh)

Quadriceps femoris

(extensor of leg)

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22
Q

What is the nerve supply to the anterior compartment of thigh?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Psoas major (L1, L2, L3)

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23
Q

Name A, B, and C

A

A - Ilipsoas

B - Pectineus

C - Sartorius

( + quadriceps femoralis = anterior compartment of thigh)

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24
Q

What muscles are contained in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

Adductor magnus

Gracilis

Obturator externus

(adductors of thigh)

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25
Q

What is the nerve supply to the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Tibial nerve supplies harmstring part of adductor magnus

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26
Q

Name A, B, C, and D

A

A - Adductor brevis

B - Adductor longus

C - Adductor magnus

D - Obturator externus

( + gracilis = muscles of medial compartment of the thigh)

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27
Q

What muscles are contained in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Biceps femoris

(extensors of thigh and flexors of leg)

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28
Q

What is the nerve supply to the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Short head of biceps femoris supplied by common fibular division of sciatic

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29
Q

Name A, B, and C

A

A - Semitendenosus

B - Semimembranosus

C - Biceps femoris

( = muscles of posterior compartment of thigh)

30
Q

What muscles are contained in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Fibularis tertius

(dorsiflexors of ankle & extensors of toes)

31
Q

What is the nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

32
Q

Name A, B, C, and D

A

A - Tibialis Anterior

B - Extensor digitorum longus

C - Extensor hallucis longus

D - Fibularis tertius

( = muscles of anterior compartment of leg)

33
Q

What muscles are contained in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Figularis longus

Fibularis brevis

(evert foot and weakly plantarflex ankle)

34
Q

What is the nerve supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

35
Q

Name A and B

A

A - Fibularis longus

B - Fibularis brevis

( = muscles of lateral compartment of leg)

36
Q

What superficial group muscles are contained in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Plantaris

(plantarflexors of ankle)

37
Q

What deep group muscles are contained in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Popliteus

Flexor hallucis longus

Flexor digitorum longus

Tibialis posterior

(flexors of toes and plantarflexors of ankle)

38
Q

What is the nerve supply to the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

39
Q

Name A, B, C, and D

A

A - Lateral head of gastrocnemius

B - Medial head of gastrocnemius

C - Plantaris

D - Soleus

( = superficial group of posterior compartment of leg)

40
Q

Name A, B, C, and D

A

A - Popliteus

B - Tibialis posterior

C - Flexor digitorum longus

D - Flexor hallucis longus

( = muscles of deep group of posterior compartment of leg)

41
Q

What are the “ball” and “socket” of the hip joint called?

A

Ball = head of femur

Socket - acetabulum of hip

42
Q

What ligaments spiral from pelvis to femur to strengthen the hip joint capsule?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

Pubofemoral ligament

Ischiofemoral ligament

43
Q

What is the blood supply to the hip joint?

A

Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arterial (from deep femoral artery)

Artery to head of femur (branch of obturator)

44
Q

What are the articulations of the knee joint?

A

2 x femerotibial

1 x femeropatellar

45
Q

Name A and B

A

A - Medial collateral ligament

B - Patellar ligament

46
Q

Name A

A

A - Lateral collateral ligament

47
Q

Name A and B

A

A - Anterior cruciate

B - Posterior cruciate

48
Q

Name A and B

A

A - Lateral menisci

B - Medial menisci

49
Q

What are the superolateral, superomedial, inferior, and roof boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

Superolateral = biceps femoris

Superomedial = semimembranosus

Inferior = gastrocnemius

Roof = popliteal fascia

50
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Fat

Terminal small saphenous vein

Popliteal vessels

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

51
Q

Name A and B

A

A - Tibial nerve

B - Common fibular nerve

52
Q

Name A and B

A

A - Popliteal vessels

B - Small saphenous vein

53
Q

What do the tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus make up together?

A

Calcaneal tendon (a.k.a. Achilles tendon)

54
Q

Where does the calcaneal tendon (a.k.a. Achilles tendon) attach?

A

Calcaneal tuberosity of the calcaneus

55
Q

What does the “ankle jerk” reflex normally resulting in plantarflexion test?

A

S1, S2 nerve roots

56
Q

Name A and B

A

A - Calcaneal tendon (a.k.a. Achilles tendon)

B - Calcaneal tuberosity

57
Q

Where do the superficial lymphatics of the leg drain?

A

Follow saphenous veins to superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Then external iliac lymph nodes

58
Q

Where do the deep lymphatics of the leg drain?

A

Follow deep veins to deep inguinal lymph nodes

Then to external iliac lymph nodes

59
Q

Name the nerve supply to regions A, B, C, D, and E

A

A - Posterior rami (L1 - L3)

B - Obturator nerve

C - Common fibular nerve

D - Superficial branch of common fibular nerve

E - Deep branch of common fibular nerve

60
Q

Name the nerve supply to regions A, B, C, D, E and F

A

A - Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh

B - Femoral nerve

C - Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

D - Femoral nerve (saphenous nerve)

E - Tibial nerve (sural nerve)

F - Tibial nerve

61
Q

What nerves are important for bladder and bowel control?

A

Pudendal nerves

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

62
Q

Name A through H

A

A - Posterior superior illiac spine

B - Ilium

C - Ischial spine

D - Ischium

E - Ischial tuberosity

F - Subpubic angle

G - Ischiopubic ramus

H - Greater sciatic foramen

63
Q

Name A, B, C, D, and E

A

A - Posterior sacroiliac ligament

B - Sacrospinous ligament

C - Lesser sciatic foramen

D - Sacrotuberous ligament

E - Obturator foramen

64
Q

What arteries are susceptible to damage in intracapsular hip fractures?

A

Retinacular arteries

65
Q

What does Trendelenburg’s test or gait indicate?

A

Weakness in abductor muscles

66
Q

What structure can be used as tendon graft for ACL reconstruction?

A

Semitendinosus muscle

67
Q

What does the adductor hiatus transmit?

A

Femoral artery and vein from Hunter’s canal into popliteal fossa

Saphenous nerve

68
Q

What does the medial collaterol ligament (MCL) resist?

A

Valgus stress

69
Q

What does the anterior collaterol ligament (ACL) resist?

A

Internal rotation

Anterior translation tibia

70
Q

What does the posterior collateral ligament (PCL) resist?

A

Posterior translation tibia

Anterior translation tibia

71
Q

What does the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) resist?

A

Varus stress

External rotation

Yr 2 - MSK Anatomy (3 decks)

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