Lower Limb Anatomy

Question 1

Floor of Femoral triangle

Answer 1

PIPA- Pectineus, Iliacus, Psoas major, Adductor longus

Question 2

Anterior and Posterior wall of Femoral sheath

Answer 2

Anterior - Fascia Transversalis
Posterior- Fascia Iliaca

Question 3

Content - Lateral compartment of Femoral sheath

Answer 3

Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
Femoral artery

Question 4

Strongest ligament of the Body?

Answer 4

Iliofemoral Ligament (Ligamentum Bigelow)

Question 5

AIIS attachment?

Answer 5

Rectus femoris
Iliofemoral ligament

Question 6

ASIS attachment?

Answer 6

Sartorius
Inguinal ligament

Question 7

Principle External Rotator of Hip

Answer 7

Gluteus Maximum

Question 8

Principle Internal rotators of hip?

Answer 8

Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Tensor fascia lata

Question 9

Abductors of hip?

Answer 9

Gluteus family
Tensor fascia lata
Sartorius

Question 10

Name of Lymph node in Medial compartment of Femoral sheath

Answer 10

Cloquet nodes

Question 11

Flexors of thigh at hip joint?

Answer 11

RIPPS

Rectus femoris
Iliacus
Psoas major
Pectineus
Sartorius

Question 12

Tronchanteric fossa of femur insertions?

Answer 12

Obturator externus
Obturator internus
Sup and inf gemelli
Piriformis (inward projection of greater tronchanter)

Question 13

Muscle attached to lesser trochanter of femur?

Answer 13

Iliopsoas

Question 14

Action of Gluteus Max?

Answer 14

Extension
Abduction
Lateral rotation

Question 15

Action of glut medius and minimus?

Answer 15

Abduction
Medial rotation (ant fibers)
Stabilise hip (acting from below)

Question 16

Nerve involved in Tredenlenberg sign?

Answer 16

Superior gluteal nerve ( dorsal division of L4, L5, S1)

Question 17

Key muscle in gluteal region to identify other structure?

Answer 17

Piriformis (NV structures passing above and below it)

Question 18

Root value of Femoral Nerve

Answer 18

Dorsal/Posterior division L2, L3, L4

Question 19

Which artery divides femoral nerve into what division?

Answer 19

Lateral circumflex femoral artery; Anterior & Posterior division

Question 20

Branches of Femoral nerve from trunk?

Answer 20

Branch To Iliacus, Branch To Pectineus

Question 21

Branches of Femoral nerve from Anterior division?

Answer 21

2 Cutaneous (medial & intermediate cutaneous nerve of thigh) , 1 Motor (sartorius)

Question 22

Branches of Femoral nerve from Posterior division?

Answer 22

1 cutaneous (Saphenous), 1 motor (Quads)

Remember-Femoral nerve supplies only Anterior compartment of thigh (Sartorius +Quads) so since the anterior division has supplied Sartorius already, only Quads are left to be supplied by posterior division of Femoral nerve.

Question 23

Longest cutaneous nerve?

Answer 23

Saphenous nerve (branch of Posterior division of femoral nerve).
Carries sensation from medial side of leg upto ball of great toe.

Question 24

Muscles of Adductor (medial) compartment

Answer 24

Obturator externus, Gracilis, Adductor brevis, longus, magnus (O.G Adductor)

Question 25

Structures passing through Adductor hiatus?

Answer 25

NOVA (NO-Nerve obturator)
1)Femoral artery
2)Femoral vein
3)Posterior division of obturator nerve- Supplies popliteal artery and knee joint.

Question 26

Nerve affected in ovarian pathology?

Answer 26

Obturator nerve (pain radiates to medial side of thigh)
Obturator nerve lies in lateral wall of ovarian fossa

Question 27

Course & supply of Obturator nerve

Answer 27

Passes ovarian fossa- Passes obturator foramen - Anterior & Posterior division
Anterior division - GAP In Femoral Hip (Gracilis, Adductor longus, Pectineus, Femoral artery, Hip joint)
Posterior division - O. A Popliteal Knee (Adductor magnus, Obturator externus, Popliteal artery, Knee joint)

Adductor brevis supplied by both division.

Question 28

Origin and action of Rectus femoris

Answer 28

AIIS, Flexion of hip

Question 29

Linea Aspera- (Medial to lateral attachment)

Answer 29

VM - Medial IMS - A. Brevis, Longus and Magnus- Posterior IMS- Biceps femoris (short head) - Lateral IMS- VL

Question 30

Locking of knee (muscle)?

Answer 30

Quadriceps femoris

Question 31

Subsartorial plexus (location and composition)?

Answer 31

Lower border of Adductor longus

Made by- Anterior division of obturator nerve, Medial cutaneous nerve of thigh (branch from Anterior division of femoral nerve), Saphenous nerve (branch from Posterior division of femoral nerve)

Question 32

Actions of Sartorius

Answer 32

Hip Flexion
Abduction at hip joint
Lateral rotation at hip joint

Question 33

Joints involved in inversion and eversion of foot?

Answer 33

Subtalar
Transverse tarsal

Question 34

Nerve involved on myalgia parasthetica?

Answer 34

Lateral Femoral Cut Nerve (passes below inguinal ligament)

Question 35

Tibial nerve root supply?

Answer 35

L4 - S3

Question 36

Knee Flexion Ms?

Answer 36

Hamstrings
Gracilis

-Gastrocnemius (All sup post compartment ms of leg)
-Soleus
-Plantaris

Question 37

Oblique popliteal ligament is the extension of?

Answer 37

Semimembranosus

Question 38

Sartorius action?

Answer 38

Flexion of Hip
Flexion of knee
Abduction and Lateral rotation of hip

Question 39

Origin of femoral sheath

Answer 39

Extraperitoneal fascia

Question 40

Principle lateral rotators of hip?
Hint: All muscles insert at trochanteric fossa and projection.

Answer 40

6 Muscles

Piriformis
Obturator externus and internus
2 gemelli
Quadratus femoris

Question 41

Ligament affected in flat foot?

Answer 41

Spring Ligament (CalcaneoNavicular)
- Supports Med Longitudinal Arch and head of Talus

Question 42

Sural nerve is the branch of?

Answer 42

Tibial Nerve

Supplies:
Lower posterolateral leg
Heel
Foot

Question 43

Lateral Sural cut nerve is the branch of?

Answer 43

Common Peroneal nerve

Supplies:

Upper lateral leg

Question 44

Common peroneal nerve root value

Answer 44

L4 — S2