Lower limb

Question 1

What attaches ASIS?

Answer 1

Sartorius

Question 2

What attaches to AIIS?

Answer 2

Rectus femoris

Question 3

What sensory nerve runs under inguinal ligament?

Answer 3

• Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
• Compression = meralgia paresthetica
• Pain over anterolateral surface of thigh (L2/3 roots)

Question 4

What is the major flexor of hip?

Answer 4

• Iliopsoas

Question 5

Origin insertion and innervation of iliacus?

Answer 5

• Iliac crest, superior 2/3 of iliac fossa and ala of sacrum
• Lesser trochanter
• Femoral nerve

Question 6

Origin insertion and innervation of psoas major?

Answer 6

• Lateral aspect T12-L5 vertebral bodies and transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
• Lesser trochanter
• Anterior rami L1-3

Question 7

What are the roots of the femoral nerve? What does it supply?

Answer 7

• L2-L4
• Hip flexors: iliacus, pectineus sartorius
• Knee extensors: quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, lateralis and intermedius)
• Sensory: medial thigh (anterior cutaneous branch) and medial calf/malleolus (saphenous nerve)

Question 8

What is the origin, insertion, function and supply of the tensor fascia lata?

Answer 8

• ASIS
• Iliotibial tract
• Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
• Stabilises pelvis and knee in erect posture through iliotibial band (inserts on lateral condyle of tibia)

Question 9

Gluteus medius:

Answer 9

• Gluteal surface of ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
• Lateral surface of GT
• Superior gluteal nerve L4-S1

Question 10

Gluteus minimus

Answer 10

• Gluteal surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
• Anterior surface of GT
• Superior gluteal nerve L4-S1

Question 11

Gluteus maximus

Answer 11

• Posterior gluteal line, sacrum and coccyx
• Upper fibres  iliotibial tract
• Lower fibres  gluteal tuberosity
• Inferior gluteal nerve L5-S2

Question 12

What happens with injury to superior gluteal nerve?

Answer 12

• Ipsilateral weakness of hip abductors gluteus medius and minimus
• Positive trendelenberg sign
• The pelvis drops on the contralateral side during a single leg stand on the affected side
• • compensate by flexing the trunk towards the affected side

Question 13

Quadratus femoris

Answer 13

• Ischial tuberosity (lateral)
• Intertrochanteric crest
• L5/S1

Question 14

Strongest hip ligament?

Answer 14

• Iliofemoral ligament: ASIS to intertrochanteric crest of femur

Question 15

What travels through greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 15

• Above piriformis: superior gluteal nerve and artery
• Below piriformis: inferior gluteal nerve and artery, pudendal nerve , sciatic nerve, nerve to obturator internus, nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 16

What travels through lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 16

• Obturator internus tendon + nerve to obturator tendon
• Pudendal vessels
• Pudendal nerve