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CSS PA Anatomy > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

gluteus maximus

A

Origin: illium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion: upper fibers: iliotibial tract (lateral condyle of tibia); lowermost fibers: gluteal tuberosity of the femur

Action: extends flexed thigh; assists in laterally rotating the femur; abducts thigh

Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve

Blood Supply: inferior gluteal artery, some superior gluteal artery

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2
Q

gluteus medius

A

Origin: lateral surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Insertion: lateral surface of the greater trochanter of femur

Action: abducts and medially rotates thigh at hips; steadies pelvis on leg when opposite leg is raised

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

Blood Supply: superior gluteal artery

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3
Q

gluteus minimus

A

Origin: lateral surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Insertion: anterior surface of the greater trochanter of femur

Action: abducts and medially rotates thigh at hips; steadies pelvis on leg when opposite leg is raised

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

Blood Supply: main trunk and deep branch of superior gluteal artery

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4
Q

tensor faciae latae

A

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine and anterior part of iliac crest

Insertion: iliotibial tract that attaches to lateral condyle of tibia

Action: abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh at hip; helps to keep knee extended

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

Blood Supply: ascending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery

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5
Q

piriformis

A

Origin: anterior surface of sacral segments 2-4, sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion: superior border of greater trochanter of femur

Action: laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh at hip

Innervation: ventral rami of L5, S1, S2

Blood Supply: superior and inferior gluteal arteries, internal pudendal artery

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6
Q

obturator internus

A

Origin: pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone

Insertion: medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

Action: laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh at hip

Innervation: nerve to obturator internus

Blood Supply: internal pudendal and obturator arteries

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7
Q

superior gemellus

A

Origin: outer surface of ischial spine

Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

Action: laterally rotates extended thigh at hip

Innervation: nerve to obturator internus

Blood Supply: inferior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries

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8
Q

inferior gemellus

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: medial surface of great trochanter of femur

Action: laterally rotates extended thigh at the hip

Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris

Blood Supply: medial circumflex femoral artery

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9
Q

quadratus femoris

A

Origin: lateral margin of ischial tuberosity

Insertion: quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur

Action: laterally rotates thigh at hip

Innervation: nerve to quadrate femoris

Blood Supply: medial circumflex femoral artery

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10
Q

obturator externus

A

Origin: margins of obturator foramen, obturator membrane

Insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur

Action: laterally rotates thigh, stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum

Innervation: obturator nerve

Blood Supply: medial circumflex femoral artery, obturator artery

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11
Q

semitendinosus

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: superior part of medial surface of tibia

Action: flexes leg, extends thigh

Innervation: sciatic nerve (tibial division)

Blood Supply: perforating branch of profunda femoris, medial circumflex femoral arteries

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12
Q

semimembranosus

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: posterior part of medial surface of tibia

Action: flexes leg, extends thigh

Innervation: sciatic nerve (tibial division)

Blood Supply: perforating branch of profunda femoris, medial circumflex femoral arteries

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13
Q

biceps femoris

A

Origin: Long head: ischial tuberosity
Short head: linea aspera, lateral supracondyar line of femur

Insertion: lateral side of head of fibula

Action: flexes and laterally rotates leg, extends thigh at hip

Innervation: Long head: sciatic nerve (tibial division)
Short head: sciatic nerve (common fibular division)

Blood Supply: perforating branches of profunda femoris, inferior gluteal, circumflex femoral arteries

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14
Q

pectineus

A

Origin: superior ramus of pubis

Insertion: pectineal line of femur

Action: adducts and flexes thigh at hip

Innervation: femoral nerve (sometimes obturator nerve)

Blood Supply: medial circumflex femoral artery, obturator artery

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15
Q

psoas major (iliopsoas)

A

Origin: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, sides of bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae, intervening intervertebral disks

Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

Action: flexes hip, flexes vertebral column laterally, used to balance trunk in sitting postion, flexes trunk

Innervation: ventral rami of first lumbar nerve

Blood Supply: lumbar branches of iliolumbar artery

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16
Q

iliacus (iliopsoas)

A

Origin: superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, iliac crestm ala of sacrum, anterior sacro-iliac ligament

Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur and shaft inferior to it, to psoas major tendon

Action: flexes thigh at hips and stabilizes hip joint, acts with psoas major

Innervation: femoral nerve

Blood Supply: iliac branches of iliolumbar artery

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17
Q

psoas minor (iliopsoas)

A

Origin: Bodies of T12 and L1 and intervening intervertebral discs

Insertion: Fascia over the psoas major and iliacus

Action: Flexion of thigh at hip, assists in extension of the lumbar spine

Innervation: Ventral primary rami of L1

Blood Supply: Iliolumbar artery from internal iliac artery

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18
Q

sartorius

A

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch below it

Insertion: superior part of the medial surface of the tibia

Action: abducts, laterally rotates, and flexes the thigh; flexes knee joint

Innervation: femoral nerve

Blood Supply: femoral artery

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19
Q

rectus femoris (quadriceps femoris)

A

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum

Insertion: base of the patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: extends leg at knee joint and flexes thight at hip joint

Innervation: femoral nerve

Blood Supply: femoral artery

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20
Q

vastus lateralis (quadriceps femoris)

A

Origin: greater trochanter, lateral lip of line aspera of femur

Insertion: base of patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: extends leg at knee joint

Innervation: femoral nerve

Blood Supply: lateral circumflex femoral and profunda femoris arteries

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21
Q

vastus medialis (quadriceps femoris)

A

Origin: intertochanteric line, medial lip of linea asper of femur

Insertion: base of patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: extends leg at knee joint

Innervation: femoral nerve

Blood Supply: lateral cricumflex femoral and profunda femoris artery

22
Q

vastus intermedius (quadriceps femoris)

A

Origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur

Insertion: base of patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: extends leg at knee joint

Innervation: femoral nerve

Blood Supply: lateral cricumflex femoral and profunda femoris artery

23
Q

adductor longus

A

Origin: body of pubis inferior to pubic crest

Insertion: middle line of linea aspera of femur

Action: adducts thigh at hip

Innervation: obturator nerve (anterior division)

Blood Supply: profunda femoris and medial circumflex arteries

24
Q

adductor brevis

A

Origin: body and inferior pubic ramus

Insertion: pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur

Action: adducts thigh at hip, weak hip flexor

Innervation: obturator nerve

Blood Supply: profunda femoris, medial circumflex femoral, and obturator arteries

25
Q

gracilis

A

Origin: body and inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: superior part of medial surface of tibia

Action: adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg

Innervation: obturator nerve

Blood Supply: profunda femoris artery, medial circumflex femoral artery

26
Q

adductor magnus

A

Origin: adductor part: inferior pubic ramus, ramus of ischium; hamstring part: ???

Insertion: adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line; hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femur

Action: adductor part: adducts and flexes thigh; hamstring part: extends thigh

Innervation: adductor part: obturator nerve; hamstring part: sciatic nerve (tibial division)

Blood Supply: femoral, profunda femoris, and obturator arteries

27
Q

tibialis anterior

A

Origin: lateral condyle, proximal half of lateral tibia, interosseus membrane

Insertion: medial plantar surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

Action: dorsiflexes foot at ankle inverts foot

Innervation: deep fibular nerve

Blood Supply: anterior tibial artery

28
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia, proximal 3/4 of anterior surface of interosseous membrane

Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of the lateral four digits

Action: extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes foot at ankle

Innervation: deep fibular nerve

Blood Supply: anterior tibial artery

29
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

Origin: middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe

Action: extends great toe, dorsiflexes foot at ankle

Innervation: deep fibular nerve

Blood Supply: anterior tibial artery

30
Q

fibularis peroneus tertius

A

Origin: distal third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion: dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

Action: dorsiflexes foot at ankle and aids in eversion of foot

Innervation: deep fibular nerve

Blood Supply: anterior tibial artery

31
Q

fibularis peroneus longus

A

Origin: head and proximal 2/3 of lateral fibula

Insertion: plantar base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Action: everts foot and weakly plantarflexes foot at ankle

Innervation: superficial fibular nerve

Blood Supply: anterior tibial and fibular arteries

32
Q

fibularis peroneous brevis

A

Origin: distal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

Insertion: dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal

Action: everts foot and weakly plantarflexes foot at ankle

Innervation: superficial fibular nerve

Blood Supply: anterior tibial and fibular arteries

33
Q

gastrocnemius

A

Origin: lateral head:lateral aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur
medial head: popliteal surface above medial condyle of femur

Insertion: posterior aspect of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Action: plantarflexes foot at ankle joint, assists in flexion of knee joint, raises heel during walking

Innervation: tibial nerve

Blood Supply: popliteal and posterior tibial arteries

34
Q

soleus

A

Origin: posterior aspect of head of fibula, proximal 1/4 of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line of tibia

Insertion: posterior aspect of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Action: plantarflexes foot at ankle, stabilizes leg over foot

Innervation: tibial nerve

Blood Supply: popliteal, posterior tibial, fibular arteries

35
Q

plantaris

A

Origin: inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament

Insertion: posterior aspect of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Action: weakly assists gastrocnemius

Innervation: tibial nerve

Blood Supply: popliteal artery

36
Q

popliteus

A

Origin: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur, lateral meniscus

Insertion: posterior tibia superior to soleal line

Action: weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur on fixed tibia

Innervation: tibial nerve (L4-S1)

Blood Supply: inferior medial and lateral genicular arteries

37
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

Origin: distal 2/3 of posterior fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of distal phalanx of great toe

Action: flexes all joints of great toe, weakly plantar flexes foot at ankle

Innervation: tibial nerve

Blood Supply: fibular artery

38
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

Origin: medial part of posterior tibia inferior to soleal line

Insertion: plantar bases of proximal distal phalanges of lateral four digits

Action: flexes lateral four digits and plantarflexes foot at ankle, supports longitudinal arches of foot

Innervation: tibial nerve

Blood Supply: posterior tibial artery

39
Q

tibialis posterior

A

Origin: posterior tibia below soleal line, interosseous memebrane, proximal half of posterior fibula

Insertion: tuberosity of navicular bone, all cueniforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals

Action: plantarflexes foot at ankle, inverts foot

Innervation: tibial nerve

Blood Supply: fibular artery

40
Q

abductor hallucis

A

Origin: medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis

Insertion: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Action: abducts and flexes 1st digit

Innervation: medial plantar nerve

Blood Supply: medial plantar and 1st plantar metatarsal arteries

41
Q

flexor digitorum brevis

A

Origin: medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septum

Insertion: both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits

Action: flexes 2nd-5th digits

Innervation: medial plantar nerve

Blood Supply: medial and lateral plantar arteries and plantar arch, plantar metatarsal and plantar digital arteries

42
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

Origin: medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septum

Insertion: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Action: abducts and flexes 5th digit

Innervation: lateral plantar nerve

Blood Supply: medial-lateral plantar artery, plantar metatarsal and plantar digital arteries to 5th digit

43
Q

quadratus plantae

A

Origin: medial and lateral sides of plantar surface of calcaneus

Insertion: posterolateral edge of flexor digitorum longus tendon

Action: corrects for oblique pull of flexor digitorum longus tendon, thus assists in flexion of toes

Innervation: lateral plantar nerve

Blood Supply: medial and lateral plantar arteries, deep plantar arterial arch

44
Q

lumbricals

A

Origin: tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Insertion: medial side of dorsal digital expansions of lateral 4 digits

Action: flexes proximal phalanges at MTP joint, extends phalanges at PIP and DIP joints

Innervation: medial one: medial plantar nerve
lateral three: lateral plantar nerve

Blood Supply: lateral plantar artery and plantar metatarsal arteries

45
Q

flexor hallucis brevis

A

Origin: plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform

Insertion: both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Action: flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Innervation: medial plantar nerve

Blood Supply: medial plantar artery, first plantar metatarsal artery

46
Q

adductor hallucis

A

Origin: oblique head: bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals
transverse head: ligaments of MTP joints of digits 3-5

Insertion: lateral to side of base of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Action: adducts 1st digit, maintains transverse arch of foot

Innervation: deep branch of lateral plantar nerve

Blood Supply: medial and lateral plantar arteries, plantar arch, plantar metatarsal arteries

47
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Origin: base of 5th metatarsal

Insertion: lateral base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Action: flexes proximal digit of 5th digit

Innervation: superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve

Blood Supply: lateral plantar artery, plantar digital artery to 5th digit, arcuate artery

48
Q

plantar interossei

A

Origin: bases and medial sides of 3rd-5th metatarsals

Insertion: medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of digits 3-5

Action: adduct digits (2-4), flex MTP joint, and extend phalanges

Innervation: lateral plantar nerve

Blood Supply: lateral plantar artery, plantar arch, plantar metatarsal and plantar digital arteries

49
Q

dorsal interossei

A

Origin: Adjacent sides of 1st-5th metatarsals

Insertion: 1st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
2nd-4th: lateral dies of digits 2-4

Action: abducts 2nd-4th toes, flex MTP joints, extend planages

Innervation: lateral plantar nerve

Blood Supply: arcuate artery, dorsal and plantar metatarsal arteries

50
Q

extensor digitorum brevis

A

Origin: superolateral surface of calcaneus, lateral talocalcaneal ligament, cruciate crural ligament

Insertion: lateral sides of tendons of extensor digitorum longus to digits 2-4

Action: aids the extensor digitorum longus in extending 4 medial digits at the MTP and interphalangeal joints

Innervation: deep fibular nerve

Blood Supply: dorsalis pedis, lateral tarsal, arcuate, fibular arteries

51
Q

extensor hallucis brevis

A

Origin: superolateral surface of calcaneus, lateral talocalcaneal ligament, cruciate crural ligament

Insertion: dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of first digit

Action: aids the extensor hallicus longus in extending 1st digits at the MTP

Innervation: deep fibular nerve

Blood Supply: dorsalis pedis, lateral tarsal, arcuate, fibular arteries

CSS PA Anatomy (1 decks)

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