Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ESA2 > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Flexors of the Hip (3-5)

A

Iliosoas
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
(pectineus and tensor fascia lata)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Extensors of the Hip (4)

A

Biceps femoris (LH only)
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Gluteus maximus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Abductors of the Hip (3)

A

Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Deep gluteal muscles (piriformis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adductors of the Hip (5)?

A 
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
Pectineus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lateral rotators of the hip? 3

A

Gluteus Maximus
Biceps femoris
(Deep gluteals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Medial rotators of the hip? 4

A

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anterior Compartment of thigh - Name 7 muscles?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius

Iliosoas
Sartorius
Pectineus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anterior Compartment of thigh innervation? Roots?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Medial Compartment of thigh - Name 5 muscles?

A 
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Whats the innervation of the Medial Compartment of thigh? Roots?

A 
Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
(except for adductor magnus which has two innervations. Adductor part is obturator nerve and the hamstring part is L4-S3 Tibial branch of sciatic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Posterior Compartment of thigh - Name 3 muscles?

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Whats the innervation of the Posterior Compartment of thigh? Roots?

A

Tibial part of Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

Except for the Biceps femoris short head which is innervated by the common fibular part of the sciatic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where do the hamstrings attach?

A

Ischial tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s Avulsion?

A

A fraction where the bony attachment comes away

e.g. Hamstrings attach to ischial tuberosity which can snap off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the innervation of Biceps femoris?

A

SCIATIC NERVE. Long head innervated by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve, whereas the short head is innervated by the common fibular part of the sciatic nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What muscles lie in the anterior compartment of the leg? 4

A

Tibialis anterior,
Extensor digitorum longus,
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What causes footdrop?

How does this present?

A

When the deep fibular nerve does not work. Unopposed plantar flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What gait characteristic does footdrop cause?

A

Eversion flick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the calcaneal reflex test?

A

Spinal roots S1-S2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What sort of people are most likely to suffer from a calcaneal tendon tear?

A

People with calcaneal tendonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What action is most likely to cause a calcaneal tendon tear?

A

Strong plantarflexion against resistance. Afterwards the foot will be dorsiflexed and a lump will appear in the calf region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What muscle unlocks the knee?

What motion is it?

A

Popliteus
Laterally rotates the femur on the tibia or
Medially rotates the tibia on the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What nerve innervates the unlocking of the knee?

A

Tibial nerve.

Popliteus is a muscle of the posterior compartment of the leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which Quad muscle stabilises the knee cap with its horizontal fibers?

A

Vastas medialis
Prevents lateral movement of patella
(feels tired after first run)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who are Tom, Dick and A Very Nervous Harry

A 
Tibialis posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
artery (tibial)
vein (posterior tibial)
nerve (tibial)
Flexor Hallucis Longus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q 
Where does the great saphenous vein...
Start?
Navigate related to a malleolus?
What part of the leg does it travel up?
What does it pass through?
What does it drain into?
A

Dorsal vein of the big toe (GSV=Great/Big toe)
–Navigates anterior to medial malleolus—
Then up anterior medial leg
Entering the saphenous opening ( opening in the fascia lata)
Joins the common femoral vein in the region of the femoral triangle (sapheno-femoral junction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q 
Where does the small saphenous vein...
Start?
Navigate related to a malleolus?
What part of the leg does it travel up?
What does it drain into?
A

Dorsal vein of 5th digit (SSV=Small toe)
Navigates posteriorly around lateral malleolus
Travels up the posterior leg
Drains into popliteal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What muscles are found in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis/Peroneal Longus

Fibularis/Peroneal Brevis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What actions do the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg do?
Innervation

A

EVERSION

Superficial fibular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where does the common fibular nerve bifurcate?

A

Small space through fibularis longus (near head and neck of fibula)

32
Q

What muscles are found in the posterior compartment of the leg? 7

A

Gastrocnemias
Soleus
Plantaris

Popliteus
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus

33
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles found in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

34
Q

What actions do the muscles found in the posterior compartment of the leg do?

A

Plantarflexion

Eversion

35
Q

What separates the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment to the deep muscles? Bonus points for number of muscles and names

A

Separated by a band of fasica

3 - Superficial
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

4- Deep
Popliteus
(Tom dick and Harry)
TP, FDL, FHL

36
Q

What 2 ways (movement/force) can cause the ACL to tear?

A

Hyperextension of the knee joint,

Large force to the back of the knee with the joint partly flexed

37
Q

What event can cause the PCL to tear?

A

Dashboard injury
When the knee is flexed, and a large force is applied to the shins, pushing the tibia posteriorly
e.g. hitting the dashboard in a car accident

38
Q

What bursa becomes inflammed in Housemaids knee?

A

Suprapatella bursa

39
Q

What bursa becomes inflammed in Clergyman’s knee?

A

Infrapatella bursa

40
Q

What bursa becomes inflammed in a Baker’s cyst?

A

Its the synovial fluid from the joint that expands out into the popliteal fossa

41
Q

What are the two functions of menisci?

A

To deepen the articular surface (increasing stability)

To act as shock absorbers.

42
Q

Which of the menisci is larger/more C shaped?

A

Medial meniscus

43
Q

What is the name of the gooses foot?

What side of the leg is it found?

A 
Pes anserinus
Medial side (goose, MEALdial side)
44
Q

What muscles are involved in the gooses foot?

A

Pes anserinus aka the SGS (Special Goose Service) (anterior to posterior)
Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus

45
Q

What nerve is affected if you see a Trendelenburg sign/gait?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

46
Q

What is a Trendelenburg test?

If there is a left positive what does it mean?

A

Get the patient to stand on each leg seperately. The hips should stay horizontally aligned. If there is a hip drop (e.g. on the left) then there is a problem with medius and minimis (on the right)

47
Q

Borders of the popliteal fossa?

A

Superomedial border: Semimembranosus.
Superolateral border: Biceps femoris.
Inferomedial border: Medial head of the gastrocnemius.
Inferolateral border: Lateral head of the gastrocnemius and plantaris

48
Q

What are the contents of popliteal fossa? (medial to anterior)

A

AVN
Popliteal Artery
popliteal Vein
Tibial nerve and Common fibular nerve

49
Q

Along the tendon of which muscle does the common fibular nerve run?

A

Biceps femoris

50
Q

What superficial vein drains into the popliteal vein within the popliteal fossa?

A

Small saphenous vein

51
Q

Damage to the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa will appear clinically?

A 
Weakened plantarflexion
(appear dosiflexed)
52
Q

What is the sural nerve a branch of?

A

Tibial nerve.

It follows the small saphenous vein down the posterior leg and behind the lateral malleolus

53
Q

What does the sural nerve innervate? Muscle? Skin?

A

Innervates the skin in the posterolateral aspect of the leg.

54
Q

Tough. What is the route of the common fibular nerve distal to the knee?

A

Around the head of the femur

55
Q

Which branch of the common fibular nerve gives sensory innervation between the 1st and 2nd digits?

A

Deep fibular nerve.

Flip-flops deep down on the beach

56
Q

What is the saphenous nerve a branch of?

A

Femoral nerve

57
Q

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh innervate?

A

Skin on lateral thigh

58
Q

Whats the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

IPA make you hit the floor
Iliosoas
Pectineus
Adductor longus

59
Q

Whats the roof of the femoral triangle?

A

Fascia lata

60
Q

Borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament
Adductor longus
Sartorius

61
Q

Deep gluteal muscles have what action?

A

Lateral rotation

62
Q

Patella fractures can be…?

A

Displaced or undisplaced

63
Q

Which ankle ligaments are weaker?

A

Lateral (think what ankle sprain is easier)

Anterior talofibular ligament is the lateral ligament most at risk of irreversible damage.

64
Q

Name the bones in the transverse arch?

A

Cuboid and cuneiform bones

65
Q

Whats a bunion?

A

Hallux Valgus

medial deviation of the first metatarsal bone and lateral deviation of the hallux

66
Q

In terms of gait - what is the difference between walking and running?

A

Walking has a phase where there is double support. Both legs touch the ground, whereas in running there is a phase where both legs are off the ground

67
Q

What are the 5 stages of “stance phase” (gait)

A
  1. Initial contact
  2. Loading response
  3. Mid-stance
  4. Terminal stance
  5. Pre-swing
68
Q

What are the 3 stages of the “swing stage”

A
  1. Initial swing
  2. Mid swing
  3. Terminal swing
69
Q

Gait: What is cadence?

A

Cadence

70
Q

Gait: What is Stride?

A

RIGHT Initial contact to RIC. StRide = Right

71
Q

Gait: What is Step?

A

LEFT Initial contact to LIC

72
Q

Eccentric muscles?

A

Lengthening muscles

73
Q

Concentric muscles?

A

Shortening muscles

74
Q

Hemiplegic

A

Usually stroke victims. Muscle in leg are extended so as the walk they swing their leg around in a semi circle

75
Q

Diplegic

A

Paralysis of both legs. Body is flexed forward to give momentum to drive the body forward

76
Q

Trendelenberg

A

Dysfunction of gluteus medius and minimus. Results in trunk compensating

77
Q

Ataxic / Cerebellar / Broad-based

A

-

ESA2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions