Lower limb

Question 1

Name the medial ligaments of the foot. Which are the deltoid ligaments?

Answer 1

Anterior Tibiotalar (Deep), Posterior Tibiotalar, Tibiocalcaneal, Tibionavicular

Question 2

What is the angle of dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion and eversion?

Answer 2

Dorsiflexion is 20-30 degrees.
Plantarflexion is 40-50 degrees.
Inversion is 50-60 degrees.
Eversion is 20-30 degrees.

Question 3

Which nerve supplies the muscles in the posterior compartment of the lower leg? Give the nerve origin.

Answer 3

Tibial nerve L4 to S3

Question 4

Which nerve supplies the dorsiflexors of the lower leg? Give the nerve origin.

Answer 4

Deep fibular/peroneal nerve L4 to S2

Question 5

Name the spring ligament

Answer 5

Plantar Calcaneonavicular ligament

Question 6

Name the 4 muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg

Answer 6

Tibialis anterior, Extensor Hallucis Longus, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Fibularis Tertius

Question 7

Name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg. Separate them into the superficial and deep layers. What structure separates these two layers?

Answer 7

Transverse intermuscular septum separates the deep and superficial layers of the posterior compartment muscles.
Superficial layer: Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris
Deep layer: Tibialis posterior, Flexor hallucis longus, Flexor digitorum longus, Popliteus (only at the top)

Question 8

Name the 2 muscles in the lateral compartment of the lower leg

Answer 8

Fibularis brevis and Fibularis Longus

Question 9

Name the lateral ligaments of the foot

Answer 9

Posterior talofibular, anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular

Question 10

Name the ankle joint

Answer 10

Talocrural joint

Question 11

What are the 2 joints that makes up the transverse mid-tarsal joint?

Answer 11

Talonavicular part of the TCN joint + Calcaneocuboid joint

Question 12

Inversion and eversion of foot occurs at which joint?

Answer 12

Subtalar joint

Question 13

Which nerve innervates the muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 13

Superficial fibular nerve

Question 14

Femoral vein empties into external or internal iliac vein?

Inferior and superior gluteal veins empty into the external or internal iliac vein?

Answer 14

Femoral vein empties into the external iliac vein.

Superior and inferior gluteal vein empty into the internal iliac vein.

Question 15

Name 2 superficial veins of the lower limb

Answer 15

Great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein.

Question 16

Describe the progress of the great saphenous vein as it moves up the leg.
Describe the progress of the small saphenous vein as it moves up the leg.

Answer 16

Great saphenous vein: Pass anteriorly to the medial malleolus at the ankle and posteriorly to the medial condyle at the knee.

Small saphenous vein: Pass posteriorly to the lateral malleolus and moves between the two heads of the gastrocnemius.

Question 17

The lesser trochanter is located on the anterior or posterior surface of the femur?

Answer 17

posterior surface

Question 18

The gluteal tuberosity is located on the anterior or posterior surface of the femur?

Answer 18

posterior surface of femur

Question 19

The intertrochanteric line is on the anterior or posterior surface of the femur?

Answer 19

Anterior surface. The intertrochanteric fossa and crest are on the posterior side of the femur.

Question 20

Name the rotator muscles of the hip joint

Answer 20

Piriformis, Quadratus femoris, obturator internus, gamelli (inferior and superior)

Question 21

What are the innervations of the rotator muscles of the hip joint?

Answer 21

Piriformis: Nerve branches from L5, S1, S2
Obturator internus: Nerve to obturator internus
Gamellus superior: Nerve to obturator internus
Gamellus inferior: Nerve to quadratus femoris
Quadratus femoris: Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 22

Which nerve supplies the anterior part of the hip?
The posterior part of the hip?
The anteromedial part of the hip?

Answer 22

Anterior part of hip: Femoral nerve
Posterior part of hip: Sciatic nerve
Anteromedial part of hip: Obturator nerve

Question 23

The semitendinosus muscle and semimembranosus muscle are in the anterior or posterior compartment of the thigh? State their position in relation to each other.

Answer 23

Both are in the posterior compartment of the thigh.

Semitendinosus is superior and more lateral to semimembranosus.

Question 24

What is the mnemonic for the lumbar plexus? State what nerves makes up this plexus.

Answer 24

ItcHy IGor Gets Laid On Fridays Luckily.
I--H: Iliohypogastic
IG: Ilioinguinal
G: Genitofemoral
L: Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
O: Obturator
F: Femoral
L: Lumbosacral trunk

Question 25

Where does the femoral nerve becomes the popliteal nerve?

Answer 25

Through the adductor hiatus in the adductor magnus muscle