Lower Limb Flashcards
Nerve root supply to hamstrings
L5, S1, S2
Nerve root supply to gastrocnemius and soleus
S1, S2
Nerve roots to deep flexor muscles of the thigh
S1, S2
Nerve root to tibialis posterior and popliteus
L4, L5
Nerve root to intrinsic muscles of the feet
S2, S3
Nerve root to plantar cutaneous nerves
L4, L5, S1
Roots of the sciatic nerve
L4 - S3
What are the cutaneous nerve areas?
What parts of the hip are palpable?
Iliac crest
ASIS
PSIS
Ischial spine
Ischial tuberosity
Pubic tubercle
Ligaments of the hip joint
Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
Formed from thickenings of the joint capsule which wrap around the joint from posterior to anterior. This limits extension of the hip and stabilises the trunk
Common complication of intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head
Circumflex arteries surround the femoral neck and pass through the fibres of the joint capsule to the femoral head. Intracapsular fractures can disrupt blood supply, meaning that the only blood supplies to the head of the femur is from a small artery in the ligament of the femoral head.
Lack of blood supply causes necrosis.
Valgus
Distal part of the bone directed away from the midline
Increase in joint angle
Varus
Distal part of bone directed toward the midline
Decrease in joint angel
Iliotibial tract
Lateral thickening of fascia lata (deep fascia of the thigh)
Acts as an attachment point for muscles
Asissts in knee extension and staability
Saphenous veins run superficial to the fascia
Anterior compartment of the thigh
Produces hip flexion and extension of the knee
Innervated by the femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Blood supplied by femoral artery
Medial compartment of the thigh
Produces adduction of the hip
Innervated by the obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Supplied by the obturator artery
Posterior compartment
Produces extension of the hip, flexion of the knee, rotation of the leg.
Innervated by the sciatic nerve (L4-S3) - tibial division (L5,S1)
Blood supplied by branches of profunda femorisa
Name four structures that drain in inguinal lymph nodes
Lower limb
Perineal region
Penis
Lower anal canal
Lower vagina
Anterior labia majora / scrotal skin
Functions of menisci in the knee
Increases contact area
Improves weight bearing
Acts as shock absorbers
Participate in locking mechanism of the knee
5 nerves that supply the foot
Deep fibular nerve
Tibial nerve
Superficial fibular nerve
Sural nerve
Saphenous nerve
Femoral canal
Fascial compartment that contains lymph cessels and lymph nodes
Femoral sheath
Fascia forms a femoral sheath around the femoral vessels
Femoral nerve lies outside the femoral sheath, deep to iliac fascia
Femoral artery, vein and lymphatics are inside the fasia (lymphatics sit in the femoral canal, artery and vein are in the sheath)
Lumbar plexus
Lies in the posterior part of psoas major
Composed of anterior rami of L1-L4 nerves
Iliohypogastric L1
Ilioinguinal L1
Genitofemoral L1/L2
Lateral cutanous nerve of the thigh L2/L3
Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
(Lumbosacral trunk)
Sacral plexus nerves
Superior gluteal (L4-S1)
Sciatic (L4-S3)
Inferior gluteal (L5-S2)
Nerve to piriformis S1/S2
Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus (L4-S1)
Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus (L5-S2)
Pudendal (S2-S4)
