Lower limb Flashcards
in what position is the ACL most commonly injured?
Extension on weight bearing leg forced into lateral rotation
in what position is the PCL most commonly injured?
force onto a flexed knee
what menisci covers more articular surface and bears more force?
what menisci is more commonly injured and why? what can it lead to?
Lateral does
Medial more commonly injured; horns further apart, longer and less mobile. can lead to locked knee
What 3 structures maintain the patellofemoral joint?
- Vastus medialis
- Medial patella retinaculum
- Raised lip on lateral femoral condyle
Where is a fracture in the leg most likely to occur and why?
At junction of middle and inferior 3rd of tibia- its narrowest there and poorest blood supply.
Likely to see a fracture in fibula too as its like a ring
What ligaments in the ankle are most commonly sprained and why? what position does the sprain occur in?
Lateral collateral when in inversion and plantar flexion (esp anterior talofibular band) because the lateral is in 3 discrete bands.
What causes meralgia parasthetica
Compression of lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh under the inguinal ligament (just medial to ASIS)
So get tingling/burning/numbing in outer thigh.
What roots and division is the femoral nerve?
What do the superficial and deep branches of the femoral nerve supply and what do they divide around?
L2-4, posterior divisions
Superficial; 1 motor to satorius and then anterior cutaneous branches to anteromedial thigh
Deep; 1 sensory (saphenous nerve) to anteromedial leg and foot. Motor to quads and part of pectineus
Divide around lateral circumflex artery
What roots and division is the obturator nerve?
What do the anterior and posterior branches divide around and what do they supply?
L2-4 anterior divisions
divide around adductor brevis
anterior- gracilis, AL, AB, pectineus, cutaneous to above knee
posterior- AM and OE
What roots and division is the sciatic nerve?
Where do the branches divide and what do they supply?
L4-S3 both anterior and posterior divisions
Divide at popliteal fossa into tibial and common fibular.
Tibial; hamstrings (except SHOB), motor posterior leg and gives sural nerve to do lower posterolateral leg and lateral side of foot. Gives medial calcaneal to do sensory and motor of foot
Deep fibular- anterior compartment of leg, EDB and 1st web space
Superficial fibular- lateral compartment of leg, then sensory to do lower lateral leg and dorsum of foot
What connective tissues store elastic energy in first half of stance?
Plantar aponeurosis and tensor fascia lata (both unique to humans)
What muscles cause eversion and what can happen in bad eversion sprains?
FL, FB and FT.
In bad eversion sprains can avulse the tubercle on base of 5th metatarsal where FB and FT attach
Is soleus used for for power or posture?
What other important function does it have?
Posture
Has venous sinuses in it for venous return
What goes underneath the tarsal tunnel?
- TP
- FDL
- FHL
(and all their synovial sheaths) - Tibial nerve
- Posterior tibial artery
What muscles are on the dorsum of the foot and what do they do?
EDB and EDH (can be one)
weak dorsiflsion and extension of toes
