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Muscles > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

0
Q

What is the insertion of the Gluteus maximus?

A

iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur

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1
Q

What is the origin of Gluteus maximus?

A

ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; and sacrotuberous ligament

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2
Q

What is the innervation of Gluteus maximus?

A

inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

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3
Q

What are the actions of Gluteus maximus?

A

extends hip joint between flexed and standing positions and assists in lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position

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4
Q

What is the origin of Gluteus medius?

A

external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

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5
Q

What is the insertion of Gluteus medius?

A

lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

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6
Q

What is the innervation of Gluteus medius?

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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7
Q

What are the actions of Gluteus medius?

A

abduct and anterior portions medially rotate hip joint; keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated

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8
Q

What is the origin of Gluteus minimus?

A

external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

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9
Q

What is the insertion of Gluteus minimus?

A

anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

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10
Q

What is the innervation of Gluteus minimus?

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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11
Q

What are the actions of Gluteus minimus?

A

abduct and anterior portions medially rotate hip joint; keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated

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12
Q

What is the origin of tensor fasciae latae?

A

ASIS; anterior part of iliac crest

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13
Q

What is the insertion of tensor fasciae latae?

A

iliotibial tract

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14
Q

What is the innervation of tensor fasciae latae?

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

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15
Q

What are the actions of tensor fasciae latae?

A

flexes hip joint; acts with gluteus maximus to stabilize the extended knee joint

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16
Q

What is the origin of Piriformis?

A

anterior surface of 2nd-4th sacral segments; superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament

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17
Q

What is the insertion of Piriformis?

A

superior border of greater trochanter of femur

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18
Q

What is the innervation of Piriformis?

A

branches of anterior rami of S1, S2

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19
Q

What are the actions of Piriformis?

A

laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum

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20
Q

What is the origin of Obturator internus?

A

pelvic surface of ilium and ischium; obturator membrane

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21
Q

What is the insertion of Obturator internus?

A

medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur

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22
Q

What is the innervation of Obturator internus?

A

nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

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23
Q

What are the actions of Obturator internus?

A

laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum

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24
Q

What is the origin of Gemelli?

A

Superior: ischial spine
Inferior: ischial tuberosity

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25
Q

What is the insertion of the Gemelli?

A

medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur

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26
Q

What is the innervation of the Gemelli?

A

Superior: nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
Inferior: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

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27
Q

What are the actions of the Gemelli?

A

laterally rotate extended hip joint; abduct flexed hip joint; steady femoral head in acetabulum

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28
Q

What is the origin of Quadratus femoris?

A

lateral border of ischial tuberosity

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29
Q

What is the insertion of Quadratus femoris?

A

quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it

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30
Q

What is the innervation of Quadratus femoris?

A

nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

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31
Q

What are the actions of the Quadratus femoris?

A

laterally rotates hip joint; also stabilizes hip joint/pelvis

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32
Q

What is the origin of Adductor longus?

A

body of pubis inferior to pubic crest

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33
Q

What is the insertion of Adductor longus?

A

middle 1/3 of linea aspera of femur

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34
Q

What is the innervation of Adductor longus?

A

obturator nerve (L2-L4)

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35
Q

What are the actions of Adductor longus?

A

adducts hip joint

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36
Q

What is the origin of Adductor brevis?

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis

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37
Q

What is the insertion of the Adductor brevis?

A

pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur

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38
Q

What is the innervation of the Adductor brevis?

A

obturator nerve (L2-L4)

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39
Q

What are the actions of Adductor brevis?

A

adducts hip joint and to some extent flexes it

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40
Q

What is the origin of Adductor magnus?

A

Adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis; ramus of ischium

Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity

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41
Q

What is the insertion of Adductor magnus?

A

Adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femur

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42
Q

What is the innervation of Adductor magnus?

A

Adductor part: obturator nerve (L2-L4)

Hamstring part: tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)

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43
Q

What are the actions of Adductor magnus?

A

adducts hip joint; its adductor part also flexes hip joint, and its hamstring part extends it

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44
Q

What is the origin of Gracilis?

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis

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45
Q

What is the insertion of Gracilis?

A

superior part of medial surface of tibia

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46
Q

What is the innervation of Gracilis?

A

obturator nerve (L2-L3)

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47
Q

What are the actions of Gracilis?

A

adducts hip joint; flexes knee joint and helps rotate it medially

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48
Q

What is the origin of Obturator externus?

A

margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane

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49
Q

What is the insertion of Obturator externus?

A

trochanteric fossa of femur

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50
Q

What is the innervation of Obturator externus?

A

obturator nerve (L3-L4)

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51
Q

What are the actions of Obturator externus?

A

laterally rotates hip joint; holds pelvis steady

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52
Q

What is the origin of Pectineus?

A

superior ramus of pubis

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53
Q

What is the insertion of Pectineus?

A

pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter

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54
Q

What is the innervation of the Pectineus?

A

femoral nerve (L2, L3); may receive branch from obturator nerve

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55
Q

What are the actions of the Pectineus?

A

adducts and flexes hip joint; assists with medial rotation of hip joint

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56
Q

What is the origin of Sartorius?

A

ASIS and superior part of notch inferior to it

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57
Q

What is the insertion of Sartorius?

A

superior part of medial surface of tibia

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58
Q

What is the innervation of Sartorius?

A

femoral nerve (L2, L3)

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59
Q

What are the actions of Sartorius?

A

flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates hip joint; flexes knee joint

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60
Q

What is the origin of Psoas Major?

A

sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them; transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae

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61
Q

What is the insertion of Psoas Major?

A

lesser trochanter of femur

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62
Q

What is the innervation of Psoas Major?

A

anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1-L3)

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63
Q

What are the actions of Psoas Major?

A

flexes and stabilizes hip joint; helps control deviation of the trunk and is active during standing

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64
Q

What is the origin of Iliacus?

A

iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligaments

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65
Q

What is the insertion of Iliacus?

A

tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, and femur distal to it

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66
Q

What is the innervation of Iliacus?

A

femoral nerve (L2, L3)

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67
Q

What are the actions of Iliacus?

A

flexes and stabilizes hip joint

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68
Q

What is the origin of Rectus femoris?

A

AIIS and ilium superior to acetabulum

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69
Q

What is the insertion of Rectus femoris?

A

commonly to quadriceps tendon and independently to base of patella; via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

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70
Q

What is the innervation of Rectus femoris?

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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71
Q

What are the actions of Rectus femoris?

A

extends knee joint; stabilizes hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex hip joint

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72
Q

What is the origin of Vastus lateralis?

A

greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera

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73
Q

What is the insertion of Vastus lateralis?

A

commonly to quadriceps tendon and independently to base of patella; via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; tibia and patella via aponeuroses

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74
Q

What is the innervation of Vastus lateralis?

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

75
Q

What are the actions of Vastus lateralis?

A

extends knee joint

76
Q

What is the origin of Vastus medialis?

A

intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera

77
Q

What is the insertion of Vastus medialis?

A

commonly to quadriceps tendon and independently to base of patella; via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; tibia and patella via aponeuroses

78
Q

What is the innervation of Vastus medialis?

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

79
Q

What are the actions of Vastus medialis?

A

extends knee joint

80
Q

What is the origin of Vastus intermedius?

A

anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur

81
Q

What is the insertion of Vastus intermedius?

A

commonly to quadriceps tendon and independently to base of patella; via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

82
Q

What is the innervation of Vastus intermedius?

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

83
Q

What are the actions of Vastus intermedius?

A

extends knee joint

84
Q

What is the origin of Semitendinosus?

A

ischial tuberosity

85
Q

What is the insertion of Semitendinosus?

A

medial surface of superior part of tibia

86
Q

What is the innervation of Semitendinosus?

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

87
Q

What are the actions of Semitendinosus?

A

extend hip joint; flex knee joint and rotates the leg medially when knee is flexed; when hip and knee are flexed, can extend trunk

88
Q

What is the origin of Semimembranosus?

A

ischial tuberosity

89
Q

What is the insertion of Semimembranosus?

A

posterior part of medial condyle of tibia; reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament

90
Q

What is the innervation of Semimembranosus?

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

91
Q

What are the actions of Semimembranosus?

A

extend hip joint; flex knee joint and rotates the leg medially when knee is flexed; when hip and knee are flexed, can extend trunk

92
Q

What is the origin of Biceps femoris?

A

Long head: ischial tuberosity

Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur

93
Q

What is the insertion of Biceps femoris?

A

lateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of knee

94
Q

What is the innervation of Biceps femoris?

A

Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

Short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

95
Q

What are the actions of Biceps femoris?

A

flexes knee joint and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends hip joint

96
Q

What is the origin of Tibialis anterior?

A

lateral condyle and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane

97
Q

What is the insertion of Tibialis anterior?

A

medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

98
Q

What is the innervation of Tibialis anterior?

A

deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

99
Q

What are the actions of Tibialis anterior?

A

dorsiflexes ankle; inverts foot; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

100
Q

What is the origin of Extensor hallucis longus?

A

middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

101
Q

What is the insertion of Extensor hallucis longus?

A

dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe

102
Q

What is the innervation of Extensor hallucis longus?

A

deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

103
Q

What are the actions of Extensor hallucis longus?

A

extends great toe; dorsiflexes ankle

104
Q

What is the origin of Extensor digitorum longus?

A

lateral condyle of tibia and superior 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

105
Q

What is the insertion of Extensor digitorum longus?

A

middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

106
Q

What is the innervation of Extensor digitorum longus?

A

deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

107
Q

What are the actions of Extensor digitorum longus?

A

extends lateral four digits; dorsiflexes ankle

108
Q

What is the origin of Fibularis tertius?

A

inferior 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

109
Q

What is the insertion of Fibularis tertius?

A

dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

110
Q

What is the innervation of Fibularis tertius?

A

deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

111
Q

What are the actions of Fibularis tertius?

A

dorsiflexes ankle; aids in eversion of foot

112
Q

What is the origin of Fibularis longus?

A

head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

113
Q

What is the insertion of Fibularis longus?

A

base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

114
Q

What is the innervation of Fibularis longus?

A

superficial fibular nerve (L5-S2)

115
Q

What are the actions of Fibularis longus?

A

evert foot; weakly plantarflex ankle; supports transverse arch of foot

116
Q

What is the origin of Fibularis brevis?

A

middle part of lateral surface of fibula

117
Q

What is the insertion of Fibularis brevis?

A

dorsal surface of tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal

118
Q

What is the innervation of Fibularis brevis?

A

superficial fibular nerve (L5-S2)

119
Q

What are the actions of Fibularis brevis?

A

evert foot; weakly planterflex ankle

120
Q

What is the origin of Gastrocnemius?

A

lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur

medial head: popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle

121
Q

What is the insertion of Gastrocnemius?

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

122
Q

What is the innervation of Gastrocnemius?

A

tibial nerve (S1, S2)

123
Q

What are the actions of Gastrocnemius?

A

plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; flexes knee joint

124
Q

What is the origin of Soleus?

A

posterior aspect of head of fibula, superior 1/4 of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line, and medial border of tibia

125
Q

What is the insertion of Soleus?

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

126
Q

What is the innervation of Soleus?

A

tibial nerve (S1, S2)

127
Q

What are the actions of Soleus?

A

plantarflexes ankle; steadies leg on foot

128
Q

What is the origin of Plantaris?

A

inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament

129
Q

What is the insertion of Plantaris?

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

130
Q

What are the actions of Plantaris?

A

weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexion; mainly proprioceptive

131
Q

What is the origin of Popliteus?

A

lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

132
Q

What is the insertion of Popliteus?

A

posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line

133
Q

What is the innervation of Popliteus?

A

tibial nerve (L4-S1)

134
Q

What are the actions of Popliteus?

A

weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia

135
Q

What is the origin of Flexor hallucis longus?

A

inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and inferior part of interosseous membrane

136
Q

What is the insertion of Flexor hallucis longus?

A

base of distal phalanx of great toe

137
Q

What is the innervation of Flexor hallucis longus?

A

Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

138
Q

What are the actions of Flexor hallucis longus?

A

flexes great toe at all joints; weakly plantarflexes ankle

139
Q

What is the origin of Flexor digitorum longus?

A

medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and by a broad tendon to fibula

140
Q

What is the insertion of Flexor digitorum longus?

A

bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits

141
Q

What is the innervation of Flexor digitorum longus?

A

Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

142
Q

What are the actions of Flexor digitorum longus?

A

flexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle

143
Q

What is the origin of Tibialis posterior?

A

interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, and posterior surface of fibula

144
Q

What is the insertion of Tibialis posterior?

A

tuberosity of navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals

145
Q

What is the innervation of Tibialis posterior?

A

Tibial nerve (L4, L5)

146
Q

What are the actions of Tibialis posterior?

A

plantarflexes ankle; inverts foot

147
Q

What is the origin of Abductor hallucis?

A

medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis

148
Q

What is the insertion of Abductor hallucis?

A

medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

149
Q

What is the innervation of Abductor hallucis?

A

medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

150
Q

What are the actions of Abductor hallucis?

A

abducts and flexes 1st digit

151
Q

What is the origin of Flexor digitorum brevis?

A

medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septa

152
Q

What is the insertion of Flexor digitorum brevis?

A

both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits

153
Q

What is the innervation of Flexor digitorum brevis?

A

medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

154
Q

What are the actions of Flexor digitorum brevis?

A

flexes lateral four digits

155
Q

What is the origin of Abductor digiti minimi?

A

medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septa

156
Q

What is the insertion of Abductor digiti minimi?

A

lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

157
Q

What is the innervation of Abductor digiti minimi?

A

lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

158
Q

What are the actions of Abductor digiti minimi?

A

abducts and flexes 5th digit

159
Q

What is the origin of Quadratus plantae?

A

medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus

160
Q

What is the insertion of Quadratus plantae?

A

posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

161
Q

What is the innervation of Quadratus plantae?

A

lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

162
Q

What are the actions of Quadratus plantae?

A

assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits

163
Q

What is the origin of Lumbricals?

A

tendons of flexor digitorum longus

164
Q

What is the insertion of Lumbricals?

A

medial aspects of expansion over lateral four digits

165
Q

What is the innervation of Lumbricals?

A

medial one: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

lateral three: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

166
Q

What are the actions of Lumbricals?

A

flex proximal phalanges; extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

167
Q

What is the origin of Flexor hallucis brevis?

A

plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform

168
Q

What is the insertion of Flexor hallucis brevis?

A

both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

169
Q

What is the innervation of Flexor hallucis brevis?

A

medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

170
Q

What are the actions of Flexor hallucis brevis?

A

flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

171
Q

What is the origin of Adductor hallucis?

A

Oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4

Transverse head: plantar ligaments of 3rd-5th metatarsophalangeal joints

172
Q

What is the insertion of Adductor hallucis?

A

tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

173
Q

What is the innervation of Adductor hallucis?

A

deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

174
Q

What are the actions of Adductor hallucis?

A

adducts 1st digit; assists in maintaining transverse arch of foot

175
Q

What is the origin of Flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

base of 5th metatarsal

176
Q

What is the insertion of Flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

177
Q

What is the innervation of Flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

178
Q

What are the actions of Flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit, thereby assisting with its flexion

179
Q

What is the origin of Plantar interossei?

A

bases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5

180
Q

What is the insertion of Plantar interossei?

A

medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd-5th digits

181
Q

What is the innervation of Plantar interossei?

A

lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

182
Q

What are the actions of Plantar interossei?

A

adducts digits (3-5) and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

183
Q

What is the origin of Dorsal interossei?

A

adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5

184
Q

What is the insertion of Dorsal interossei?

A

First: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit

Second to fourth: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits

185
Q

What are the actions of Dorsal interossei?

A

abducts digits (2-4) and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

Muscles (4 decks)

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