Lower Limb Flashcards
Achilles tendonitis:
Etiology:
Signs of symptoms:
Repetitive overuse, resulting in tears of tendon
Risk: limited flexibility and strength in gastroc and soleus; pronated or cavus foot
Aching, burning, tenderness, pain with activity, swelling, muscle, weakness, morning stiffness
Achilles tinnitus treatment?
RICE
NSAIDS
Gastroc and sous strengthening-eccentic
Heel cord stretching
ACL sprain
Etiology:
sign and symptoms:
Non-contact, twisting injury with hypertension and various or vagus stress
Loud pop, giving away, buckling, swelling
Positive special tests
ACL SPRAIN Treatment
RICE
NSAIDS
LE strengthening above and below
Quadriceps and hamstring strengthening
*Derotation brace for ACL deficient knee!!!!!
Legg-Calve-Perthe disease
Etiology:
Signs and symptoms:
Degeneration of femoral head due to disturbance of blood supply
E: trauma, genetic predisposition, synovitis, infection
Pain, decreased ROM, positive Trendelenburg
Legs Calve Perthes disease treatment
Pain relief
For moral head, proper position through pelvic stabilization
Improve range of motion
Traction
Stretching
Splinting
MCL Sprain
Etiology:
Signs and symptoms:
E: tibial rotation from valgus force on a fixed foot
Knee pain, swelling, decreased ROM, feeling of instability
MCL Sprain Treatment
RICE
NSAIDS
ROM
strengthening
functional training exercise exercises
goals initially to protect knee joint and decrease inflammation
Meniscus tear
Etiology:
Signs and symptoms:
Rotation while weight-bearing on a flex knee of fixed foot
Joint line, pain, swelling, catching, locking sensation
Looking for positive special test
Meniscus tear treatment
RICE
NSAIDS
MODALITIES
strengthening
Surgery done when tears on outer edges - receive vascular properties
Osgood slaughter disease
Etiology:
Signs and symptoms:
Repetitive tension to patellar tendon over tibial tuberosity
Point tenderness over patella, tendon, pain
Osgood schlatter disease treatment
Education
Ice
Flexibility
Avoiding activities that place strain on patellar tendon
Strengthening above and below
Lateral ankle sprain
Etiology:
Signs and symptoms:
Inversion stress to ankle
Affecting anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament
Pain, tenderness on lateral aspect,
Ecchymosis, edema, limited inversion, and PF ROM, joint laxity with special test
Lateral ankle sprain treatment
Control pain and edema
RICE
Compression
Progressive weight-bearing
Ankle mobility
Strengthening
Proper perception
Balance exercises
What modality should you avoid with an acute lateral ankle sprain?
What’s a better option?
Ultrasound
cryotherapy
Osteoarthritis
Etiology:
Signs and symptoms:
Degeneration of articular cartilage in weight-bearing joints that compares functional mobility
Fragile onset of pain, increase pain with exercise, increase pain with weather changes, enlarged joints, crepitus, stiffness, limited ROM
Hip OA treatment
PROM
AROM
Flexibility
Strength
Balance training
Aerobic
Aquatic exercise
Knee OA treatment
Hip and knee strengthening
Aerobic exercise (walking stationary cycling)
Balance training
What should you avoid with hip OA?
Bracing
TENS
What should you avoid with knee OA?
Ultrasound
Lateral wedge insoles
Rocker bottom shoes
Patellofemoral syndrome
Etiology:
Signs and symptoms:
General name for ant knee pain
Repetitive overuse disorder due to increase force at patellofemoral joint
Anterior knee pain, pain with prolonged sitting, swelling, crevices, pain with stairs
Patellofemoral syndrome treatment
Treat contributing factors
Improve quad strength
Improve lower extremity flexibility
Improve patellar instability
Medial patella glides
Improve strength with focus on posterior lateral hip muscles
Should avoid manual therapy
Plantar fasciitis
Etiology:
Signs and symptoms:
Inflammation of plantar fascia from acute excessive loading or chronic irritation from prolonged pronation
Tenderness, insertion, pain, worse in morning, pain, when walking, barefoot, difficulty with prolonged standing
Plantar fasciitis treatment
RICE
NSAIDS
Soft tissue mobilization
Joint mobilization
Stretching, plantar, fascia and gastroc
Strengthening exercises of foot and ankle muscles
Correction of pronation
PCL Sprain
Etiology:
Signs and symptoms:
Landing on tibia with a flex knee or hitting dashboard in MVA
Swelling, mild pain, reports of femur siding off, tibia forward
PCL treatment
RICE
NSAIDS
LE strengthening
Functional progression
Surgery is not common if done avoid hamstring, isolated exercises 6 weeks
Total hip arthroplasty
Removal proximal and distal joint surfaces
Cemented fixation = weight-bearing as tolerated immediately
Cementless = partial weight-bearing or non-weight-bearing
Anterolateral approach THA precautions
Avoid hip extension, ER, abduction
Split TFL and Glute med
Hip dislocated ant
Direct lateral approach THA precautions
Avoid hip flexion past 90, hip extension, ER, adduction
TFL and fastest lateralis and glute med release
Approach with most minimal dislocation probability
Posterolateral approach THA precautions
Avoid hip flexion past 90, adduction, IR
Splitting glue max muscle fibers, releasing ER and AB doctors
Femur dislocated posteriorly
High dislocation rate
TKA treatment
Ankle pumps, quad sets, Glute sets, AROM, PROM, gait training
Manual therapy, patella, joint mobs incision therapy
Goal knee flexion 90 for ADL to 105 for sitting usually 120
Go knee extension 0
