Lower Limb

Question 1

What is the pectineus muscle?

Answer 1

flat muscle that forms the base of the femoral triangle

Question 2

Where does the pectineus muscle originate from?

Answer 2

pectineal line at pubic bone

Question 3

Where does the pectineus muscle insert?

Answer 3

onto pectineal line on the posterior side of the femur, just inferior to the lesser trochanter

Question 4

What are the actions of the pectineus muscle?

Answer 4

adduction and flexion at the hip joint

Question 5

where do the quadriceps femoris originate from?

Answer 5

originate from femur

Question 5

what are the 4 individual muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris?

Answer 5

vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris

Question 6

where do the quadriceps femoris insert onto?

Answer 6

insert into the patella via the quadriceps tendon

Question 7

Actions of the vastus muscles (vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius)?

Answer 7

extension at the knee

Question 8

Actions of rectus femoris?

Answer 8

extension of knee and flexion of hip

Question 9

what direction does the sartorius muscle run along the thigh?

Answer 9

runs along the thigh in an inferomedial direction

Question 10

where does the sartorius muscle originate from?

Answer 10

originates from anterior superior iliac spine

Question 11

where does the sartorius muscle insert onto?

Answer 11

inserts onto the superior, medial surface of the tibia

Question 12

actions of the sartorius muscle?

Answer 12

at the hip joint: flexor, abductor, lateral rotator
at the knee joint: flexor

Question 13

name the 5 muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 13

gracilis, obturator externus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus

Question 14

what are the actions of the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 14

hip adductors

Question 15

what is the innervation of the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 15

innervation by obturator nerve (L2-L4)

Question 16

what muscle is the most superficial and most medial muscle of the hip adductors?

Answer 16

gracilis

Question 17

attachments of the gracilis muscle?

Answer 17

(this muscle crosses both at the hip and knee joint)
Gracilis originates from the pubis
Gracilis then descends almost vertically down the leg
Gracilis inserts onto the medial surface of tibia, between the tendons of the sartorius muscle anteriorly and between the semitendinosus muscle posteriorly

Question 18

attachments of the obturator externus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus?

Answer 18

all originate from the pubis and attach (insert) onto the femur

Question 19

actions of the obturator externus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus?

Answer 19

adduction and lateral rotation of the thigh

Question 20

what are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh known as?

Answer 20

hamstrings

Question 21

name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 21

Biceps femoris (most lateral)

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus (most medial)

Question 22

actions of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 22

extend at hip and flex at knee

Question 23

innervation of muscles of the posterior compartment of thigh?

Answer 23

innervated by sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

Question 24

origin of the muscles of the posterior compartment of thigh?

Answer 24

(muscles of the posterior compartment of thigh - hamstrings)
all the hamstring muscles originate from the ischial tuberosity of the pelvis

Question 25

where does biceps femoris insert onto?

Answer 25

inserts onto head of fibula

Question 26

where do semitendinosus and semimembranosus insert onto?

Answer 26

inserts onto medial tibia

Question 27

what section is the leg?

Answer 27

Leg is the section of the lower limb from the knee to the ankle. (DOES NOT INCLUDE THIGH AREA)

Question 28

The muscles of the leg are divided into 3 compartments:

Answer 28

Anterior compartment
Lateral compartment
Posterior compartment (deep and superficial)

Question 29

what is the innervation of the muscles of the leg (all 3 compartments of the muscles of the leg)?

Answer 29

innervated by sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

Question 30

name the muscles of the anterior compartment of leg

Answer 30

Tibialis anterior, Extensor digitorum longus, Extensor hallucis longus, Fibularis tertius - not always present