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Noted anatomist video flashcards > lower limb > Flashcards

lower limb Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

What are the spinal levels for the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-4

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2
Q

What are the three main nerves that supply the leg from lumbar plexus?

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous
Femoral
Obturator

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3
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

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4
Q

What nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator

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5
Q

What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

tibial nerve (from the sacral plexus)

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6
Q

What are the 4 gluteal muscles?

A

Maximus, medius, minimus + tensor lascia lata

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7
Q

What are the attachments of gluteus maximus?

A

Ilium, sacrum
Insert on gluteal tuberosity on posterior femur and IT band fascia

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8
Q

What are the attachment sof gluteus medius?

A

Back of the ilium crest (deep to maximus)
inserts on greater trochanter of femur

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9
Q

What are the attachments of gluteus minimus?

A

back of ilium (not crest)
down to greater trochanter of femur

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10
Q

What are the attachments of tensor fascia lata?

A

anterior ilium
IT band

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11
Q

What is the action of gluteus medius, minimus and TFL?

A

hip abduction, stabilisation of pelvis

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteal muscles?

A

Superior and inferior gluteal nerves from the lumbar plexus

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13
Q

What does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

Gluteus medius, minimus and TFL

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14
Q

What does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

gluteus maximus

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15
Q

What are the deep hip rotator muscles?

A

piriformis
superior gemellus
obturator internus
inferior gemellus
quadratus femoris
obturator externus

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16
Q

What are the attachments of the piriformis muscle?

A

ventral sacrum, passes through greater sciatic notch, inserts on top of greater trochanter

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17
Q

What neurovascular bundles come out above and below piriformis?

A

Superior gluteal (above) and inferior gluteal (below)

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18
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve enter the back of the thigh?

A

underneath piriformis

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19
Q

What are the attachments of superior gemellus?

A

Ischial spine, greater trochanter

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20
Q

What are the attachments of obturator internus?

A

internal surface of obturator membrane
greater trochanter

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21
Q

What are the attachments of inferior gemellus?

A

Between ischial spine and ischial tuberosity
Greater trochanter

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22
Q

What are the attachments of quadratus femoris?

A

Ischium
intertrochanteric crest

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23
Q

What are the attachments of obturator externus?

A

external obturator membrane
courses posterior to neck of femur to greater trochanter

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24
Q

What are the hip flexor muscles?

A

Iliopsoas (iliacus + psoas major)

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25
What are the attachments of iliacus?
iliac fossa to lesser trochanter of femur
26
What are the attachments of psoas major?
T12, L1-5 vertebrae + transverse processes inserts on lesser trochanter
27
Where do psoas major and iliacus become iliopsoas?
once pass underneath the inguinal ligament
28
What is the innervation of psoas major?
L2 ventral ramus
29
What is the innervation of iliacus?
femoral nerve (L2,3,4)
30
What are the anterior compartment thigh muscles?
Sartorius, pectineus, Vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
31
What are the attachments of sartorius?
ASIS inserts medial to tibial tuberosity
32
What are the actions of sartorius?
Flex, abduct and externally rotate the hip
33
What are the attachments of pectineus?
Pectineal line of pubis to pectineal line of femur
34
What are the attachments of vastus lateralis?
linea aspera + femur forms quadriceps tendon engulfing patella which makes patella tendon inserting on tibial tuberosity
35
What are the attachments of rectus femoris?
AIIS (only quadricep that crosses hip joint) forms quadriceps tendon engulfing patella which makes patella tendon inserting on tibial tuberosity
36
What are the attachments of vastus medialis?
linea aspera forms quadriceps tendon engulfing patella which makes patella tendon inserting on tibial tuberosity
37
What are the attachments of vastus intermedius?
lies deep to rectus femoris from front of femur forms quadriceps tendon engulfing patella which makes patella tendon inserting on tibial tuberosity
38
What is the innervation of the anterior thigh muscles?
femoral nerve
39
What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis (topographically obturator externus but functionally it is hip rotator)
40
What are the attachments of adductor longus?
Pubic bone near symphysis courses behind femur to attach to linea aspera near mid shaft
41
What are the attachments of adductor brevis
Pubic bone near symphysis courses behind femur to attach to linea aspera about 1/4 way down
42
What are the attachments of adductor magnus?
ischium along inferior pubic rami all along linea aspera + adductor tubercle on medial distal femur There is an adductor hiatus between linea aspera attachment and adductor tubercle attachment
43
What passes through the adductor hiatus?
femoral artery -> popliteal artery in back of knee
44
What is the innervation of adductor magnus?
lateral part attaching to linea aspera - obturator nerve medial part attaching to adductor tubercle - tibial nerve
45
What are the attachments of gracilis?
pubic bone near symphysis passes down medial to tibial tuberosity
46
What is the innervation of the medial compartment of thigh?
obturator nerve (except section of adductor magnus)
47
What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
48
what are the attachments of semitendinosus?
ischial tuberosity long distal tendon attaches medial to tibial tuberosity forming Pes anserinus
49
What makes up the pes anserinus?
sartorius, gracilis + semitendinosus medial to tibial tuberosity
50
What are the attachments of semimembranosus?
ischial tuberosity medial proximal tibia
51
What are the attachments of biceps femoris?
Long head: ischial tuberosity to head of fibula (not really a hamstring but short head: linea aspera to head of fibula)
52
What is the innervation of biceps femoris?
Long head - tibial short head - common fibula
53
What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
tibial nerve
54
What are the ligaments of the knee joint?
ACL, PCL, LCL, MCL medial and lateral meniscus
55
What are the attachments of the ACL?
Anterior surface of the tibial plateau courses laterally/posteriorly to distal femur
56
What are the attachments of the PCL?
Posterior surface of tibial plateau courses anteriorly to medial distal femur
57
What are the attachments of LCL?
lateral epicondyle of femur head of fibula
58
What are the attachments of the MCL?
medial epicondyle of femur medial proximal tibia
59
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of lower leg?
Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus
60
What are the attachments of tibialis anterior?
front of tibia and interosseous membrane courses medially and infront of tibiotalar joint attaches to medial tarsals and 1st metatarsal
61
What are the attachments of extensor hallucis longus?
halfway along fibula DIP of big toe
62
What are the attachments of extensor digitorum longus?
tibia, fibula + interosseous membrane DIP 2-5
63
What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the lower leg?
deep peroneal nerve
64
What are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the lower leg?
peroneus longus + brevis (same as fibularis longus and brevis)
65
What are the attachments of peroneus longus?
Head neck and shaft of fibula courses behind lateral malleolus attaches to base of 1st metatarsal coursing underneath the foot
66
What are the attachments of peroneus brevis?
mid shaft of fibula behind lateral malleolus to base of 5th metatarsal
67
What is the innervation of lateral compartment of lower leg?
superficial peroneal nerve
68
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the lower leg?
Superficial group: gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris Deep group: Popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
69
What are the attachments of the gastrocnemius?
2 heads - 2 condyles of the femur 2 bellies fuse at achilles tendon to insert at calcaneus
70
What are the attachments of soleus?
tibia and fibula Achilles tendon to calcaneus
71
What are the attachments of plantaris?
lateral condyle of the femur passes between gastric and soleus to calcaneus
72
What are the attachments of popliteus?
lateral condyle of femur to medial part of tibia
73
What are the attachments of tibialis posterior?
back of tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane courses medially and behind medial malleolus inserts on medial plantar surface of foot
74
What are the attachments of flexor digitorum longus?
medial tibia courses behind medial malleolus tendon inserts on digits 2-5 DIPs
75
What are the attachments of flexor hallucis longus?
fibula runs behind medial malleolus and inserts on DIP of 1st digit
76
What is the orientation of the posterior compartment deep group tendons at the ankle?
Medial to lateral - Tom (tibialis posterior) Dick (FDL), Harry (FHL)
77

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