Lower Limb Flashcards
Hip flexion muscle, nerve and nerve root
Iliopsoas
Iliofemoral nerve
L1/L2
Hip extension muscle, nerve and nerve root
Gluteus maximus
Inferior gluteal nerve
L5/S1/S2
Knee flexion muscle, nerve and nerve root
Hamstrings
Sciatic nerve
L5/S1/S2
Knee extension muscle, nerve and nerve root
Quadriceps
Femoral nerve
L2/L3/L4
Ankle dorsiflexion muscle, nerve and nerve root
Tibialis anterior
Deep peroneal nerve
L4/L5
Ankle plantarflexion muscle, nerve and nerve root
Gastrocnemius, soleus
Tibial nerve
S1/S2
Knee-jerk reflex nerve roots
L2, L3, L4
Ankle-jerk reflex nerve roots
S1, S2
Effects of femoral nerve injury
Motor - quadriceps paralysis, weakness in knees, difficulty with stairs
Sensory - loss to anterior/medial thigh, medial leg, medial border of foot (not big toe)
Effects of obturator nerve injury
Motor - paralysis of adductors, cannot do ‘cross-legging’
Sensory - loss to medial thigh
Pelvic disease, ovarian tumours may cause pain on medial thigh
Effects of common fibular nerve injury
Motor - foot extensors/evertors paralysed, so foot drop where plantar is flexed and inverted
Sensory - loss to anterior and lateral leg and dorsum of foot
Effects of tibial nerve injury
Motor - paralysed hamstrings, back of leg and sole of foot –> foot dorsiflexed and everted
Sensory - loss to sole of foot
Effects of whole sciatic nerve injury
Motor - paralysed hamstrings and muscles below knee - knee flexion affected, foot plantar-flexed due to weight
Sensory - loss below knee
*except from medial side of leg and foot (not big toe) as it is innervated by saphenous nerve
What is sciatica?
Pain radiating from lower back to buttock, postero-lateral thigh into leg
Caused by herniated L4/L5 OR L5/S1 compressing that component of sciatic nerve
Reflex grading system
0 - absent
1 - hyporreflexic
2 - normal
3 - hyperreflexic
4 - clonus
