Lower Limb

Question 1

Gluteus Maximus

Answer 1

O: Posterior ilium, sacroiliac joint, sacrotuberous ligament

I: deep third - gluteal tuberosity
2 other layers - ITB (part of the Fascia Lata

Function: Extensor, Lat rotation, Adductor

Inferior Gluteal Nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 2

Gluteus Medius & Minimus

Answer 2

O: Middle and anterior of iliac blade
I: greater trochanter
Medial rotation & abduction
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Question 3

Tensor Faciae Latae

Answer 3

O: ASIS
I:ITB (Gerdy’s)
Superior gluteal nerve (L4,5, S1)

Question 4

Lateral Rotators

Answer 4

.

Question 5

Piriformis

Answer 5

O: Pelvis
I: greater trochanter
S1,S2

Question 6

Obturator internus & Gemelli

Answer 6

O: inside obturator membrane, through lesser sciatic foramen
I: Greater Trochanter
L4,L5,S1,S2

GO: edge of foramen
I: Obturator internus

L4,L5,S1,S2 -Sup
L4, L5, S1 -Inf

Question 7

Obturator Externus

Answer 7

O: outside membrane
I: base of trochanter
L2, L3, L4 (Obturator Nerve)

Question 8

Quadratus Femoris

Answer 8

O: Ischial Tuberosity
I: middle intertrochanteric crest
L4,L5,S1

Question 9

Blood Supply and Nerves of Gluteal Region

Answer 9

Sup. Gluteal nerve, art., veins - through greater sciatic foramen (Glut medius and minimus)

Inf. Gluteal nerve, art., veins - underneath the piriformus (glut max, lower part of region)

Question 10

Hip Joint

Answer 10

Function: flex, extend, abduct adduct, med. lat. rotation

3 ligaments: iliofemoral ligament AIIS to intertrochanteric line

Pubofemoral and ischiofemoral

Blood and nerve supply: all nerves that cross, obt artery, iga, sga, med & lat femoral circumflex arteries

Question 11

Anterior compartment of thigh

Answer 11

Sartorius + quads

Innervated by femoral artery

Question 12

Sartorius

Answer 12

Flexes hip and knee joint
O: ASIS
I: anterior tibia

Question 13

Quad femoris

Answer 13

All insert into patella

Question 14

Rectus femoris

Answer 14

O: AIIS
Flexes hip and extends knee
Sup border of patella

Question 15

Vastus medialis and lateralis

Answer 15

O: femur
Extend knee
Medialis is more distal and pulls patella medially

Question 16

Vastus intermedius

Answer 16

O: shaft of femur
I: behind rectus femoris sup border of patella

Question 17

Iliopsoas (fits best in anterior compartment)

Answer 17

O: PSOAS - transverse process of lumbar
Iliacus - blade of ilium
I: lesser trochanter

Flex and lat rotate hip

Innervated by lumbar plexus

Question 18

Medial/adductor compartment

Answer 18

Adductors - innervated by Obturator nerved
All originate from pubis
Most insert on medial lip of the linea aspera

Question 19

Anterior layer of adductor compartment

Answer 19

Gracilis -medial border of thigh
I: upper tibia
Adduct, flex and medial rotate hip, weak knee flex

Pectineus
Innervated by femoral and Obturator
I: linea aspera

Adductor longus
I: linea aspera (below pectineus)

Question 20

Posterior layer of adductor

Answer 20

Adductor Brevis
I: in linea aspera behind pectineus

Adductor Magnus is deep to brevis
I: linea aspera; however, inferior portion inserts on adductor tubercle
Innervated by tibial div. of sciatic nerve

Question 21

Posterior compartment of thigh

Answer 21

Hamstrings
Innervated by tibial division
Extends hip, flexes knee
O: ischial tuberosity
Profunda femoris artery

Question 22

Biceps femoris

Answer 22

Long head
I: fibula

Short head
O: linear aspera
Innervated by common peroneal div.
No hip

Question 23

Semitendinosus

Answer 23

I: medial tibial condyle (goose foot)

Question 24

Semimembranosus

Answer 24

I: medial condyle of tibia

Question 25

Leg muscles

Answer 25

Anterior compartment - extensors dorsi flexors
O:leg bones + interosseous membrane
I: dorsum
Innervated by deep peroneal nerve

Lat. compartment - the two peronei 
Evertors
O: fibula 
I: foot
Innervated by superficial peroneal nerve

Posterior - flexors
I: heel
O: leg bones and interosseous membrane
Innervated by tibial nerve

Question 26

Anterior compartment of leg

Answer 26

Tibialis anterior
O: upper 2/3 of tibia & int. Membrane
I: first cuneiform and metacarpal 1
Dorsi flexor and inverter

Extensor Hallucis longus
O: middle half outside fibula base of distal phalanx

Extensor digitorum longus 
O: most of fibula and membrane 
I: distal phalanx 
(Peroneus tertius)
I: base of metatarsal 5
Everts and extends

Extensor digitorum brevis
4 tendons to medial 4 toes
O: calcaneus near cuboid
I: medial tendon-proximal phalanx of hallux (extensor hallusis brevis)
The rest insert on extensor expansions 
Deep peroneal nerve

Question 27

Lateral compartment of leg

Answer 27

Peroneus longus
O: head and upper 2/3 of fibula
I: medial of first metatarsal and first cuneiform
Plantar flexes and everts

Peroneus brevis
O: Distal 2/3 of fibula
I: top of metatarsal 5
Plantar flexes and everts

Question 28

Posterior compartment of leg - superficial

Answer 28

Gastrocnemius
O: femoral condyles
I: Achilles’ tendon on the calcaneus
Flexes ankle and knee

Soleus
O: back of head of fibula & soleal line
I: tendocalcaneus
Ankle flexor

Plantaris
O: lateral femoral condyle
I: Achilles’ tendon

Tibial nerve

Question 29

Posterior compartment of leg - deep

Answer 29

Politeus
O: posterior proximal tibia
I: lateral femoral condyle
Lat rotates femur (unlocks knee)

Tibialis
O: Posterior interosseous membrane
I: navicular and cuneiforms
Plantar flex and inverts

Flexor hallucis longus
O: distal 2/3 of fibula and membrane
I: base of distal phalanx
Flexes big toe and ankle

Flexor digitorum longus
O: posterior of lower tibia
I: distal phalanges of the 4 toes