Lower Limb Flashcards
Gluteus Maximus
O: Posterior ilium, sacroiliac joint, sacrotuberous ligament
I: deep third - gluteal tuberosity
2 other layers - ITB (part of the Fascia Lata
Function: Extensor, Lat rotation, Adductor
Inferior Gluteal Nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Gluteus Medius & Minimus
O: Middle and anterior of iliac blade
I: greater trochanter
Medial rotation & abduction
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Tensor Faciae Latae
O: ASIS
I:ITB (Gerdy’s)
Superior gluteal nerve (L4,5, S1)
Lateral Rotators
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Piriformis
O: Pelvis
I: greater trochanter
S1,S2
Obturator internus & Gemelli
O: inside obturator membrane, through lesser sciatic foramen
I: Greater Trochanter
L4,L5,S1,S2
GO: edge of foramen
I: Obturator internus
L4,L5,S1,S2 -Sup
L4, L5, S1 -Inf
Obturator Externus
O: outside membrane
I: base of trochanter
L2, L3, L4 (Obturator Nerve)
Quadratus Femoris
O: Ischial Tuberosity
I: middle intertrochanteric crest
L4,L5,S1
Blood Supply and Nerves of Gluteal Region
Sup. Gluteal nerve, art., veins - through greater sciatic foramen (Glut medius and minimus)
Inf. Gluteal nerve, art., veins - underneath the piriformus (glut max, lower part of region)
Hip Joint
Function: flex, extend, abduct adduct, med. lat. rotation
3 ligaments: iliofemoral ligament AIIS to intertrochanteric line
Pubofemoral and ischiofemoral
Blood and nerve supply: all nerves that cross, obt artery, iga, sga, med & lat femoral circumflex arteries
Anterior compartment of thigh
Sartorius + quads
Innervated by femoral artery
Sartorius
Flexes hip and knee joint
O: ASIS
I: anterior tibia
Quad femoris
All insert into patella
Rectus femoris
O: AIIS
Flexes hip and extends knee
Sup border of patella
Vastus medialis and lateralis
O: femur
Extend knee
Medialis is more distal and pulls patella medially
Vastus intermedius
O: shaft of femur
I: behind rectus femoris sup border of patella
Iliopsoas (fits best in anterior compartment)
O: PSOAS - transverse process of lumbar
Iliacus - blade of ilium
I: lesser trochanter
Flex and lat rotate hip
Innervated by lumbar plexus
Medial/adductor compartment
Adductors - innervated by Obturator nerved
All originate from pubis
Most insert on medial lip of the linea aspera
Anterior layer of adductor compartment
Gracilis -medial border of thigh
I: upper tibia
Adduct, flex and medial rotate hip, weak knee flex
Pectineus
Innervated by femoral and Obturator
I: linea aspera
Adductor longus
I: linea aspera (below pectineus)
Posterior layer of adductor
Adductor Brevis
I: in linea aspera behind pectineus
Adductor Magnus is deep to brevis
I: linea aspera; however, inferior portion inserts on adductor tubercle
Innervated by tibial div. of sciatic nerve
Posterior compartment of thigh
Hamstrings Innervated by tibial division Extends hip, flexes knee O: ischial tuberosity Profunda femoris artery
Biceps femoris
Long head
I: fibula
Short head
O: linear aspera
Innervated by common peroneal div.
No hip
Semitendinosus
I: medial tibial condyle (goose foot)
Semimembranosus
I: medial condyle of tibia
Leg muscles
Anterior compartment - extensors dorsi flexors
O:leg bones + interosseous membrane
I: dorsum
Innervated by deep peroneal nerve
Lat. compartment - the two peronei Evertors O: fibula I: foot Innervated by superficial peroneal nerve
Posterior - flexors
I: heel
O: leg bones and interosseous membrane
Innervated by tibial nerve
Anterior compartment of leg
Tibialis anterior
O: upper 2/3 of tibia & int. Membrane
I: first cuneiform and metacarpal 1
Dorsi flexor and inverter
Extensor Hallucis longus
O: middle half outside fibula base of distal phalanx
Extensor digitorum longus O: most of fibula and membrane I: distal phalanx (Peroneus tertius) I: base of metatarsal 5 Everts and extends
Extensor digitorum brevis 4 tendons to medial 4 toes O: calcaneus near cuboid I: medial tendon-proximal phalanx of hallux (extensor hallusis brevis) The rest insert on extensor expansions Deep peroneal nerve
Lateral compartment of leg
Peroneus longus
O: head and upper 2/3 of fibula
I: medial of first metatarsal and first cuneiform
Plantar flexes and everts
Peroneus brevis
O: Distal 2/3 of fibula
I: top of metatarsal 5
Plantar flexes and everts
Posterior compartment of leg - superficial
Gastrocnemius
O: femoral condyles
I: Achilles’ tendon on the calcaneus
Flexes ankle and knee
Soleus
O: back of head of fibula & soleal line
I: tendocalcaneus
Ankle flexor
Plantaris
O: lateral femoral condyle
I: Achilles’ tendon
Tibial nerve
Posterior compartment of leg - deep
Politeus
O: posterior proximal tibia
I: lateral femoral condyle
Lat rotates femur (unlocks knee)
Tibialis
O: Posterior interosseous membrane
I: navicular and cuneiforms
Plantar flex and inverts
Flexor hallucis longus
O: distal 2/3 of fibula and membrane
I: base of distal phalanx
Flexes big toe and ankle
Flexor digitorum longus
O: posterior of lower tibia
I: distal phalanges of the 4 toes
