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Z YEAR 2 Clinical Skills > Lower Limb 1 > Flashcards

Lower Limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 major segments of the lower limb?

A
  1. hip
  2. thigh
  3. leg
  4. foot
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2
Q

What is the lower limb skeleton part of?

A

Appendicular skeleton - pelvic. girdle and bones of free part of lower limb

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3
Q

What does the pelvic girdle include?

A
  • right and left pelvic (innominate) bones

- the sacrum

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4
Q

What skeleton is the sacrum part of?

A

axial

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5
Q

What does the lower limb girdle connect to?

A

axial skeleton via the sacroiliac joint

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6
Q

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

A
  1. bones of the skull
  2. hyoid bone
  3. all vertebrae of the spine including sacrum
  4. ribs and sternum
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7
Q

What does the pelvic bone consist of?

A
  1. Ilium
  2. Ischium
  3. Pubis
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8
Q

What. does a joint between the different components of the lower limb have?

A
  1. Capsule
  2. Cartilage
  3. Ligaments
  4. Muscle tendons
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9
Q

What does the head of the femur articulate with at the hip joint?

A

acetabulum of the hip bone

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10
Q

What. does the distal end of the femur articulate with at the knee joint?

A

proximal end of the tibia

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11
Q

What does the patella articulate with?

A

Femur

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12
Q

Does the fibula take part in the formation of the knee joint?

A

no

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13
Q

What does the knee joint have?

A
  • Intra-capsular menisci

- cruciate ligaments

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14
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

ball and socket synovial join

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15
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

synovial hinge joint

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16
Q

Is there any rotary movement between tibia and fibula?

A

No (pronation or supination) like in upper limb

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17
Q

What does the head of the fibula articulate with in the proximal tibiofibular joint?

A

fibular facet on the lateral tibial condyle

18
Q

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

A

synovial (very limited movement)

19
Q

What type of joint is the distal tibiofibual joint?

A

fibrous joint (no movement between them)

20
Q

What does the distal ends of tibia and fibula articulate with to form the ankle joint?

A

superior part of the talus

21
Q

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

A

synovial

22
Q

What are the intertarsal joints?

A

joints between the adjacent tarsal bones

23
Q

What is the movement of the ankle joint?

A
  1. dorsiflexion (true extension), plantarflexion (true flexion) of the foot
  2. When the foot is in full plantarflexion there is a small amount of abduction/adduction and inversion/eversion.
24
Q

What is the movement of the knee joint?

A

mainly

  1. flexion (bending)
  2. extension (straightening)
  3. a small degree of rotation (during locking and unlocking of the knee joint) - medial and lateral rotation of femur on tibia
25
Q

What movement is the at the intertarsal joints?

A
  1. eversion
  2. inversion
  3. supination and pronation of foot?
26
Q

What is the joint between the talus and the calcaneum?

A

anatomical subtalar (talocalcaneal) join

27
Q

What is the talonavicular join?

A

Talus also articulates with naviculum

28
Q

Where is the subtalar joint included in?

A

orthopaedics the functional (clinical) subtalar joint includes the whole talocalcaneonavicular joint complex

29
Q

Where does inversion and eversion of the foot take place?

A

at the talocalcaneonavicular complex

30
Q

What do the proximal ends of the metatarsal bones articulate with in the tarsometatarsal joints?

A

distal row of tarsal bones

31
Q

What type of joint is the the tarsometatarsal joint? What type of movement can be carried out?

A

plane synovial joints with limited sliding movements

32
Q

How are the heads of the metatarsals are linked together?

A
  • by four deep transverse metatarsal ligaments

- enable all metatarsals to act as a single unit

33
Q

What do the heads of the metatarsal articulate with in the metatarsophalangeal joints?

A

bases of the proximal phalanges

34
Q

What type of joint is metatarsophalangeal joint?

A

ellipsoid synovial joints

35
Q

What is the movement at metatarsophalangeal joint?

A
  1. flexion
  2. extension
  3. abduction (l)
  4. adduction (l)
  5. circumduction (l)
  6. Rotation? (l)
36
Q

What type of joints are interphalangeal joints?

A

hinge synovial joints

37
Q

What are interphalangeal joints between?

A

between the proximal and distal ends of the adjacent phalanges

38
Q

What movement does the interphalangeal joints allow?

A
  1. Flexion

2. Extension

39
Q

What is the movement at the hip joint?

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
  3. Abduction
  4. Adduction
  5. Medial rotation-laterla rotation
  6. Circumduction
40
Q

What is the movement in the proximal tibia-fibular joint?

A

very little movement

41
Q

What is the movement in the distal tibia-fibular joint?

A

no movement

Z YEAR 2 Clinical Skills (12 decks)

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