Lower Limb 1 Flashcards
What are the 4 major segments of the lower limb?
- hip
- thigh
- leg
- foot
What is the lower limb skeleton part of?
Appendicular skeleton - pelvic. girdle and bones of free part of lower limb
What does the pelvic girdle include?
- right and left pelvic (innominate) bones
- the sacrum
What skeleton is the sacrum part of?
axial
What does the lower limb girdle connect to?
axial skeleton via the sacroiliac joint
What does the axial skeleton consist of?
- bones of the skull
- hyoid bone
- all vertebrae of the spine including sacrum
- ribs and sternum
What does the pelvic bone consist of?
- Ilium
- Ischium
- Pubis
What. does a joint between the different components of the lower limb have?
- Capsule
- Cartilage
- Ligaments
- Muscle tendons
What does the head of the femur articulate with at the hip joint?
acetabulum of the hip bone
What. does the distal end of the femur articulate with at the knee joint?
proximal end of the tibia
What does the patella articulate with?
Femur
Does the fibula take part in the formation of the knee joint?
no
What does the knee joint have?
- Intra-capsular menisci
- cruciate ligaments
What type of joint is the hip joint?
ball and socket synovial join
What type of joint is the knee joint?
synovial hinge joint
Is there any rotary movement between tibia and fibula?
No (pronation or supination) like in upper limb
What does the head of the fibula articulate with in the proximal tibiofibular joint?
fibular facet on the lateral tibial condyle
What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?
synovial (very limited movement)
What type of joint is the distal tibiofibual joint?
fibrous joint (no movement between them)
What does the distal ends of tibia and fibula articulate with to form the ankle joint?
superior part of the talus
What type of joint is the ankle joint?
synovial
What are the intertarsal joints?
joints between the adjacent tarsal bones
What is the movement of the ankle joint?
- dorsiflexion (true extension), plantarflexion (true flexion) of the foot
- When the foot is in full plantarflexion there is a small amount of abduction/adduction and inversion/eversion.
What is the movement of the knee joint?
mainly
- flexion (bending)
- extension (straightening)
- a small degree of rotation (during locking and unlocking of the knee joint) - medial and lateral rotation of femur on tibia
What movement is the at the intertarsal joints?
- eversion
- inversion
- supination and pronation of foot?
What is the joint between the talus and the calcaneum?
anatomical subtalar (talocalcaneal) join
What is the talonavicular join?
Talus also articulates with naviculum
Where is the subtalar joint included in?
orthopaedics the functional (clinical) subtalar joint includes the whole talocalcaneonavicular joint complex
Where does inversion and eversion of the foot take place?
at the talocalcaneonavicular complex
What do the proximal ends of the metatarsal bones articulate with in the tarsometatarsal joints?
distal row of tarsal bones
What type of joint is the the tarsometatarsal joint? What type of movement can be carried out?
plane synovial joints with limited sliding movements
How are the heads of the metatarsals are linked together?
- by four deep transverse metatarsal ligaments
- enable all metatarsals to act as a single unit
What do the heads of the metatarsal articulate with in the metatarsophalangeal joints?
bases of the proximal phalanges
What type of joint is metatarsophalangeal joint?
ellipsoid synovial joints
What is the movement at metatarsophalangeal joint?
- flexion
- extension
- abduction (l)
- adduction (l)
- circumduction (l)
- Rotation? (l)
What type of joints are interphalangeal joints?
hinge synovial joints
What are interphalangeal joints between?
between the proximal and distal ends of the adjacent phalanges
What movement does the interphalangeal joints allow?
- Flexion
2. Extension
What is the movement at the hip joint?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Medial rotation-laterla rotation
- Circumduction
What is the movement in the proximal tibia-fibular joint?
very little movement
What is the movement in the distal tibia-fibular joint?
no movement
