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MSK 2 > Lower Leg iRA > Flashcards

Lower Leg iRA Flashcards

1
Q

why is it beneficial for the distal tibia to be wider anteriorly than posteriorly?

A

aids in bony approximation when in full DF (wedging effect)

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2
Q

in the sagittal plane, is the distal tibia concave or convex?

A

concave

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3
Q

in the transverse plane, is the distal tibia concave or convex?

A

convex

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4
Q

what is the orientation of the proximal navicular?

A

oval, concave

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5
Q

what is the orientation of the distal navicular?

A

convex with 3 facets

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6
Q

what is the orientation of the lateral navicular?

A

irregular

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7
Q

what muscle is the navicular tuberosity a primary attachment for?

A

tibialis posterior

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8
Q

what bones does the cuboid articulate with?

A
  • 4th and 5th metatarsals

- calcaneus

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9
Q

what bones do the cuneiforms articulate with?

A
  • navicular
  • metatarsals 1-3
  • cuboid
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10
Q

which cuneiform is the largest?

A

medial

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11
Q

what muscle is the medial cuneiform a primary attachment for?

A

tibialis anterior

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12
Q

what other muscles attach to the medial cuneiform?

A
  • tibialis posterior

- fibularis longus

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13
Q

the intermediate cuneiform is a partial attachment for what muscle?

A

tibialis posterior

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14
Q

the lateral cuneiform is a partial attachment for what muscle?

A

tibialis posterior

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15
Q

metatarsals 1-3 articulate with ____

A

cuneiforms

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16
Q

metatarsals 4-5 articulate with ____

A

cuboid

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17
Q

which metatarsal is the longest?

A

2nd

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18
Q

which metatarsal has a styloid process?

A

5th

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19
Q

which MTP joint has medial and lateral sesamoids?

A

1st

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20
Q

what muscle are the medial and lateral sesamoids embedded in?

A

flexor hallucis brevis

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21
Q

what 5 features of the ankle make it a rigid joint?

A
  • joint congruency
  • capsular support
  • ligamentous support
  • muscular stability
  • interaction of joint angles at varied positions (perpendicular for stable platform)
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22
Q

what makes the ankle a flexible joint?

A

interaction of joint angles at varied positions (parallel for load acceptance)

23
Q

attachments of the deltoid ligament

A

medial malleolus to navicular tuberosity, sustentaculum tali, and medial talus

24
Q

what motion does the anterior talofibular ligament restrict?

A

anterior translation of the foot

25
Q

what muscles are in the anterior compartment of the lower leg? (hint: TEEF)

A
  • tib anterior
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • EDL
  • fibularis tertius
26
Q

what muscles are in the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

A

fibularis longus and brevis

27
Q

what are the superficial flexors in the posterior compartment?

A

gastroc, soleus, plantaris

28
Q

what are the deep flexors in the posterior compartment? (hint: FFPT)

A
  • FDL
  • FHL
  • popliteus
  • tib posterior
29
Q

what muscles are in the 1st layer of intrinsics? (hint: AFA)

A
  • abductor hallucis
  • FDB
  • abductor digiti minimi
30
Q

what muscles are in the 2nd layer of intrinsics?

A
  • flexor digitorum accessorius (quadratus plantae)

- lumbricals

31
Q

what muscles are in the 3rd layer of intrinsics? (hint: FAF)

A
  • FHB
  • adductor hallucis
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
32
Q

what muscles are in the 4th layer of intrinsics?

A

dorsal and plantar interossei

33
Q

what nerve is being compressed in tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A

posterior tibial nerve

34
Q

what nerve can be impacted by an inversion injury?

A

superficial fibular nerve

35
Q

what structures make up the mortise?

A
  • inferior tibia
  • medial and lateral malleoli
  • inferior transverse talofibular ligament
36
Q

what happens at the navicular and cuboid during pronation?

A
  • navicular depression

- cuboid ABD

37
Q

subtalar supination: slight depression causes slight ____ of the foot

A

extension (aka PF)

38
Q

subtalar supination: medial displacement causes ____ of the foot

A

ADD

39
Q

subtalar supination: rotation as calcaneus lies down flat on lateral surface with ____ of the foot

A

inversion

40
Q

metatarsals and phalanges are ____ proximally and ____ distally

A

concave, convex

41
Q

DF/PF are sagittal movements that primarily occur at what 3 joints?

A

talocrural, MTP, IP

42
Q

inversion/eversion = tilting of the plantar surface of the foot towards/away from midline in the ____ plane at what 2 joints?

A
  • coronal plane

- subtalar and transverse tarsal joints

43
Q

ABD of the foot primarily occurs at what joints?

A

transverse tarsal joints

44
Q

how much DF is needed to walk?

A

10 degrees

45
Q

how much DF is needed to stand up from a chair?

A

17-20 degrees

46
Q

how much DF is needed to descend stairs?

A

20 degrees

47
Q

what bony factors limit DF?

A
  • superior surface of talar neck hits anterior margin of tibia
  • mortise
48
Q

what capsuloligamentous factors limit DF?

A
  • posterior capsule

- posterior fibers of collateral ligaments

49
Q

what muscular factors limit DF?

A

triceps surae

50
Q

medial arch

A
  • calcaneus
  • talar head
  • navicular
  • mets 1-3
51
Q

lateral arch

A
  • calcaneus
  • cuboid
  • mets 4-5
52
Q

transverse arch

A
  • bases of mets
  • cuboid
  • cuneiforms
53
Q

windlass effect

A
  • plantar fascia resists flattening of the longitudinal arch

- energy is stored for propulsion

MSK 2 (2 decks)

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