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extremity > lower leg > Flashcards

lower leg Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior shin splints AKA

A

Lateral tibial stress syndrome

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2
Q

Posterior shin splints AKA

A

Medial tibial stress syndrome

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3
Q

Shin splint presentation

A

Achy pain on weight bearing, following running on hard surface or after break

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4
Q

Anterior muscles act as ___, posterior as ___

A

Shock absorbers, stabilizers

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5
Q

Pathognomonic for shin splints

A

Pain in middle or lower third of tibia. Non-responsiveness to Tx also clue

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6
Q

Shin splint management

A

Rest, ice, strapping, new shoes

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7
Q

Proximal, middle, and distal stress fractures are seen in ___, ___, ___

A

Military, dancers, runners (middle and distal)

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8
Q

Dreaded black line =

A

Middle shaft tibia fracture in dancers

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9
Q

Tibia stress fx management

A

Rest 5-7 weeks

Gradual return to impact

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10
Q

Achilles tendon can function with __% continuity

A

25%

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11
Q

Achilles tendinits cause

A

Jumping, running

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12
Q

Pump Bump AKA ___ results from ______

A

Hagland deformity, retrocalcaneal bursitis

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13
Q

Achilles tendinitis ddx

A

Reiters/ AS enthesopathy, Sever’s apophysitis

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14
Q

____ test for Achilles rupture AKA ___

A

Thompson, Simmond’s

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15
Q

Proximal tibia pain ddx (3)

A

Pes anserine bursitis, stress fx, tumor

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16
Q

MIddle and distal tibia pain ddx (3)

A

Stress fx, periostitis, shin splints

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17
Q

Calf muscle pain ddx (2)

A

Muscle tear, DVT

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18
Q

Achilles insertion pain ddx (4)

A

Retrocalcaneal bursitis, exostosis, tendinitis, swelling or hypertrophy

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19
Q

___ can initiate a DVT

A

Minor trauma in older patient

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20
Q

Neurogenic vs vascular claudication

A

Neuro- spinal stenosis, can walk/ ride farther before pain, typically in flexed position

Vascular- Blood vessel stenosis, common with atherosclerosis

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21
Q

Homan’s SIGN

A

Local swelling over biceps surae- indicates DVT

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22
Q

Tib/ fib local swelling

A

Stress fx

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23
Q

Close packed foot position

A

SUpination (phalanges- extension)

24
Q

Supination involves

A

Adduction, plantarflexion, inversion

25
Q

Pronation involves

A

Abduction, dorsiflexion, eversion

26
Q

FPS aggravated by ___, plantar fasciitis by ___

A

Compression/ squeezing, stretching

27
Q

Fat pad syndrome (foot) pain locates where

A

Middle of heel

28
Q

__% of compartment syndrome is caused by tibial fx

A

45%

29
Q

CS signs (3)

A

absence of distal pulse, paresis, hypoesthesia

30
Q

Normal and CS pressures

A

10-12, 30

31
Q

CS most commonly affects

A

Anterior compartment

32
Q

6 P’s of acute extremity ischemia

A

Pain, paresthesia, pallor, pulselessness, paresis, poikilothermia (temp changes)

33
Q

Acute CS management

A

Elevate limb TO LEVEL OF heart, no above

Release one side of cast if applicable

34
Q

Commonly injured in lateral tibial plateau fx

A

Anterior tibial artery

35
Q

Provides sensation to first dorsal web space

A

Deep peroneal nerve

36
Q

Sensation to sole of foot

A

Posterior tibial nerve

37
Q

Sensation to lateral foot and distal calf

A

Sural nerve

38
Q

At risk for DVT

A

Females taking oral contraceptives

39
Q

__% of DVTs are asymptomatic

A

50%

40
Q

____ for diagnosis of DVT

A

Doppler ultrasound

41
Q

Cellulitis causes (2)

A

Gram positive organisms, chronic venous thrombosis

42
Q

Venous insufficiency presentation

A

Chronic lower leg swelling, itching, dull ache with standing, multiple varicosities

43
Q

Venous insufficiency management

A

Supportive stockings, weight loss, reduce salt intake, avoid standing too long

44
Q

Varicosities usually affect

A

Long saphenous vein

45
Q

Bilateral leg edema, orthopnea

A

Congestive heart failure

46
Q

Tarsal tunnel affects which nerve

A

Posterior tibial n

47
Q

Predisposing factor in tarsal tunnel

A

Dropped longitudinal arch (foot everts, stresses area)

48
Q

Nerve root test for tarsal tunnel

A

L4 (plantarflexion and inversion)

49
Q

Passes through heads of gastroc, supplies dorsiflexors

A

Tibial n

50
Q

Sensory branch of tibial n, supplies lateral foot and leg

A

Sural n

51
Q

Sensory to plantar surface of medial 3.5 toes, motor for plantarflexion and and inversion

A

Medial plantar n (branch of post tibial)

52
Q

Sensory to plantar surface of lateral 1.5 toes, motor to small muscles, culprit in Morton’s neuroma

A

Lateral plantar n (branch of post tibial)

53
Q

Branch of tibial n, results in heel pain

A

Medial calcaneal n

54
Q

Vulnerable to entrapment at fibular neck- lateral knee pain

A

Common peroneal n

55
Q

Sensory to ant leg, dorsum of foot, part of 2-5th digits. Pain over lateral leg, ankle

A

Superficial pernoeal

56
Q

Entrapped above ankle by extensor retinaculum, spurs, ganglia. Big toe pain and weakness on dorsiflexion and inversion

A

Deep peroneal n

57
Q

Loss of sensation, burning pain over distal medial leg.

A

Saphenous n

extremity (1 decks)

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