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Anatomy Quiz 5 > Lower GI Tract > Flashcards

Lower GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 regions of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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2
Q

What are the proximal and distal boundaries of the small intestine?

A

Pyloric sphincter

Ileocecal valve

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3
Q

What structure covers the small intestine anteriorly?

A

Greater omentum

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4
Q

What are the proximal and distal borders of the duodenum?

A

Distal to pylorus

Duodenojejunal junction

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5
Q

Which of the 3 regions is the shortest in the small intestine?

A

Duodenum

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6
Q

What embryonic structure does the duodenum derive from?

A

Foregut

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7
Q

Trace the path of the gastroduodenal artery

A

Celiac trunk –> common hepatic artery –> gastroduodenal artery

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8
Q

Trace the path of the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

A

Celiac trunk –> common hepatic artery –> gastroduodenal artery –> superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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9
Q

What 2 arteries supply the duodenum?

A

Gastroduodenal

Pancreaticoduodenal

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10
Q

How many parts of the duodenum are there?

A

4

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11
Q

Which part(s) of the duodenum is/are intraperitoneal?

A

ONLY the 1st part

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12
Q

Which part(s) of the duodenum is/are retroperitoneal?

A

2nd
3rd
4th

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13
Q

I am part of the duodenum covered by mesentery. Which part am I?

A 
1st part
(It's the only intraperitoneal one)
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14
Q

I am the site of the major duodenal papilla. What am I?

A

2nd part of duodenum

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15
Q

Testing my contents reveals bile and pancreatic enzymes. What am I?

A

2nd part of duodenum

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16
Q

I am a part of the duodenum that travels posteriorly to the SMA. What am I?

A

3rd part

Horizontal

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17
Q

What is the relationship between the duodenum and the SMA?

A

3rd part travels posteriorly to SMA

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18
Q

What is the Ligament of Treitz?

A

Marks the duodenojejunal junction

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19
Q

How would I distinguish between structures deriving from the foregut and midgut?

A

Foregut- everything up to duodenojejunal junction

Midgut- everything after the duodenojejunal junction (and before hindgut)

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20
Q

What embryonic structure does the jejunum derive from?

A

Midgut

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21
Q

Trace the path of the SMA

A

Abdominal aorta –> SMA

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22
Q

Trace the path of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

A

Abdominal aorta –> SMA –> inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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23
Q

What 2 arteries supply the jejunum?

A

SMA

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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24
Q

Where are all the vessels and nerves to the jejunum and ileum?

A

Within a mesentery

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25
Q

What is a mesentery?

A

2 layers of visceral peritoneum

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26
Q

What are the 2 major borders of the mesentery of the jejunum and ileum?

A

Duodenojejunal junction

Ileocecal valve

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27
Q

I am a region with few vascular arcades. I am?

A

Jejunum

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28
Q

I am a region with very long vasa recta. I am?

A

Jejunum

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29
Q

I am a region with very prominent and numerous plicae circularis. I am?

A

Jejunum

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30
Q

Where does most of the absorption take place?

A

Jejunum

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31
Q

True or False. There is a clear distinction between the jejunum and ileum.

A

False. They are difficult to distinguish.

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32
Q

Which regions of the small intestine contain a mesentery with vessels and nerves?

A

Jejunum

Ileum

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33
Q

I am a region with numerous vascular arcades. I am?

A

Ileum

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34
Q

I am a region with very short vasa recta. I am?

A

Ileum

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35
Q

True or False. As you move proximally to distally along the ileum, there are more plicae circularis.

A

False. There are LESS plicae circularis moving distally along ileum.

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36
Q

Trace the path of the ileocolic artery.

A

Abdominal aorta –> SMA –> ileocolic

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37
Q

What artery supplies the ileum?

A

Ileocolic artery

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38
Q

Which of the 4 gutters surrounding the ascending and descending colons do NOT drain into the pelvic cavity?

A

One medial to ascending colon

It’s blocked by small bowel mesentery

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39
Q

Rupture of the descending colon leaks blood into the retroperitoneal cavity. Would you expect to find blood in the pelvic cavity?

A

Yes! There are 2 gutters medial and lateral to descending colon that drain into the pelvic cavity.

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40
Q

Efferent nerve supply to the small intestine comes from?

A

Autonomic nerves

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41
Q

Which sympathetic nerves provide efferent innervation to the small intestines?

A

Thoracic splanchnics

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42
Q

What 3 nerves comprise the thoracic splanchnics?

A

Greater
Lesser
Least

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43
Q

Where do the sympathetic efferent nerves to the small intestine synapse?

A

Preaortic ganglia

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44
Q

Where would you expect to find the preaortic ganglia?

A

Around celiac trunk and SMA

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45
Q

Which parasympathetic efferents innervate the small intestine?

A

Vagus nerve

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46
Q

Which 2 embryonic structures does the large intestine derive from?

A

Midgut

Hindgut

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47
Q

What are the divisions of the colon?

A 
Cecum/appendix
Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid
Rectum
Anus
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48
Q

I am a region with 3 longitudinal bands of smooth muscle. What am I? What are the muscles called?

A

Colon, taeniae coli

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49
Q

What forms haustra in colon?

A

Outpouchings of colon between taenae coli

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50
Q

I am a region with fatty blobs covering my outsides. I am?

A

Colon with appendices epiploicae

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51
Q

The 2 flexures of the colon are?

A

Hepatic flexure- between ascending and transverse

Splenic flexure- between transverse and descending

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52
Q

True or False. The cecum has a mesentery and is intraperitoneal.

A

Both! The cecum does NOT have a mesentery but it IS intraperitoneal.

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53
Q

The ileocecal valve?

A

Marks junction between ileum and cecum

54
Q

Which artery supplies the cecum?

A

Ileocolic

55
Q

Which vein drains the cecum?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

56
Q

Which regions of the colon are intraperitoneal?

A

Cecum
Transverse
Sigmoid

57
Q

Which regions of the colon are retroperitoneal?

A

Ascending

Descending

58
Q

Which regions of the colon are subperitoneal?

A

Rectum

Anus

59
Q

The vermiform appendix lies in what orientation to the cecum?

A

Inferior and medial

60
Q

The 3 taeniae coli merge in which structure?

A

Vermiform appendix

61
Q

What artery supplies the vermiform appendix?

A

Ileocolic

62
Q

What vein drains the vermiform appendix?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

63
Q

Trace the path of the right colic artery

A

Abdominal aorta –> SMA –> right colic artery

64
Q

What artery supplies the ascending colon?

A

Right colic

65
Q

What vein drains the ascending colon?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

66
Q

Where does the transition from the midgut to hindgut occur?

A

Distal transverse colon but proximal to splenic flexure

67
Q

What are the bounds of the foregut?

A

All GI tract up to the duodenojejunal junction

68
Q

What are the bounds of the midgut

A

From the duodenojejunal junction to the distal transverse colon before the splenic flexure

69
Q

What forms the bounds of the hindgut?

A

Distal transverse colon before splenic flexure to anus

70
Q

The distal transverse colon marks the switch from midgut to hindgut. What else does it mark the transition from (2 things)?

A

Blood supply from SMA to IMA

Parasympathetic nerve supply from vagus nerve to pelvic splanchnics

71
Q

Trace the path of the middle colic

A

Abdominal aorta –> SMA –> middle colic

72
Q

The transverse colon is supplied by which general 2 arteries?

A

SMA

IMA

73
Q

The proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon is supplied by which artery?

A

Middle colic

74
Q

The proximal 2/3 of transverse colon is drained by which vein?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

75
Q

The distal 1/3 of transverse colon is supplied by which artery?

A

Left colic artery

76
Q

Trace the path of the left colic artery

A

Abdominal aorta –> IMA –> left colic

77
Q

The distal 1/3 transverse colon is drained by which vein?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

78
Q

Which parasympathetic nerves innervate the transverse colon?

A

BOTH the vagus nerve AND pelvic splanchnics

79
Q

What artery supplies the descending colon?

A

Left colic artery

80
Q

What vein drains the descending colon?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

81
Q

Trace the path of the sigmoid artery

A

Abdominal aorta –> IMA –> sigmoid artery

82
Q

What artery supplies the sigmoid colon?

A

Sigmoid artery

83
Q

What vein drains the sigmoid colon?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

84
Q

True or False. The rectum do not have taeniae coli.

A

True! They have a complete circumferential layer of longitudinal smooth muscle.

85
Q

Name the 7 parts of the foregut

A 
Esophagus
Stomach
Part 1 duodenum
Part 2 duodenum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
86
Q

Name the 8 parts of the midgut

A 
Part 3 duodenum
Part 4 duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Proximal 2/3 transverse colon
87
Q

Name the 7 parts of the hindgut

A 
Distal 1/3 transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Superior anus
Bladder
Urethra
88
Q

What supplies the blood to the foregut?

A

Celiac trunk

89
Q

What supplies the blood to the midgut?

A

SMA

90
Q

What structures does the ileocolic artery supply?

A

Cecum
Appendix
Ileum

91
Q

What structures does the right colic artery supply?

A

Ascending colon

92
Q

What structures does the middle colic artery supply?

A

Proximal 2/3 transverse colon

93
Q

What is SMA syndrome?

A

Left renal vein and 3rd part of duodenum lie anterior to abdominal aorta and posterior to SMA and they become squished in really thin females

94
Q

What vein drains the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

95
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric vein drain?

A

Portal vein

96
Q

What artery supplies the hindgut?

A

IMA

97
Q

What structures does the left colic artery supply?

A

Distal 1/3 transverse colon

Descending colon

98
Q

What structures does the sigmoid artery supply?

A

Sigmoid colon

99
Q

What are the branches of the SMA that supply the midgut?

A

Ileocolic
Right colic
Middle colic

100
Q

What are the branches of the IMA that supply the hindgut?

A

Left colic

Sigmoid

101
Q

What vein drains the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

102
Q

Trace the path of the inferior mesenteric vein

A

Inferior mesenteric vein –>splenic vein –> portal vein

103
Q

What forms the anastomosis between the SMA and IMA?

A

Marginal artery

104
Q

What branches of the SMA and IMA does the marginal artery connect?

A

Middle colic of SMA to left colic of IMA

105
Q

What structures does the splenic vein drain?

A

Spleen

Tail of pancreas

106
Q

What are the sympathetic nerves that supply the foregut, midgut, hindgut? Where do they originate? Where do they synapse?

A

Foregut- greater splanchnic (T5-T9) to celiac ganglion
Midgut- Lesser and least splanchnics (T10-T12) to superior mesenteric ganglion
Hindgut- lumbar splanchnics (L1-L2) to inferior mesenteric ganglion

107
Q

Where do the greater splanchnics originate and synpase? Which structures do they innervate?

A

T5-T9
Celiac ganglion
Foregut

108
Q

Where do the lesser and least splanchnics originate? Where do they synapse? What do they innervate?

A

T10-T12
Superior mesenteric ganglion
Midgut

109
Q

Where do the lumbar splanchnics originate? Synapse? What do they innervate?

A

L1-L2
Inferior mesenteric ganglion
Hindgut

110
Q

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the foregut, midgut and hindgut?

A

Foregut- vagus nerve
Midgut- vagus nerve
Hindgut- pelvic splanchnics (S2-S4)

111
Q

Visceral afferent information in the foregut, midgut and hindgut travel via which nerves?

A

Sympathetic nerves! Along with sympathetic efferents!
Foregut and midgut- thoracic splanchnics
Hindgut- lumbar splanchnics

112
Q

Trace the path of lymphatics in the lower GI system

A

Superior and inferior mesenteric lymph nodes near aorta –> cisterna chyli –> thoracic duct

113
Q

What 2 embryonic structures does the small intestine derive from?

A

Foregut

Midgut

114
Q

The greater thoracic splanchnic nerve originates where?

A

T5-T9

115
Q

The lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve originates where?

A

T10-T11

116
Q

The least thoracic splanchnic nerve originates where?

A

T12

117
Q

Where do the lumbar splanchnic nerves originate?

A

L1-L4

118
Q

What 3 sympathetic nerves provide sensory innervation to the abdominal wall and parietal peritoneum?

A

Intercostals
Subcostal
Iliohypogastric

119
Q

What 3 sympathetic nerves provide motor innervation to the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Intercostals
Subcostal
Iliohypogastric

120
Q

The ilihypogastric nerve provides sensory and motor innervation to what structures?

A

Sensory- skin of anterior ab wall, parietal peritoneum

Motor- muscles of anterior ab wall

121
Q

The ilioinguinal nerve travels through what structure?

A

Inguinal canal

122
Q

How does the ilioinguinal nerve enter and exit the inguinal canal?

A

Enters by piercing through posterior wall

Exits through superficial ring

123
Q

What sympathetic nerve provides sensory information from the medial skin of the thigh?

A

Ilioinguinal

124
Q

What sympathetic nerve provides sensory information from the anterior/superior scrotum and labia majora?

A

Ilioinguinal

125
Q

What 4 sympathetic nerves provides motor information to the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Intercostals
Subcostal
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal

126
Q

What sensory and motor innervation does the ilioinguinal nerve carry?

A

Sensory- skin of medial thigh, anterior/superior scrotum/labia
Motor- muscles of anterior ab wall

127
Q

The genitofemoral nerve travels in what structure?

A

Inguinal canal

128
Q

How does the genitofemoral nerve enter the inguinal canal?

A

Through the deep inguinal ring

129
Q

What nerve provides sensory information from the anterior scrotum/labia?

A

Genitofemoral

130
Q

What nerve provides motor information to the cremaster muscle?

A

Genitofemoral

131
Q

What are the sensory and motor actions of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

Sensory- anterior scrotum/labia

Motor- cremaster muscle

132
Q

How do the posterior body wall muscles become innervated?

A

Unnamed muscular branches of the lumbar plexus

Anatomy Quiz 5 (3 decks)

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