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MRAD2220 - Outcome 4 > Lower GI studies > Flashcards

Lower GI studies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 major parts of the large intestine?

A
  • Cecum
  • Colon
  • Rectum
  • Anal Canal
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2
Q

What are the sections of the colon?

A
  • Ascending
  • Transverse
  • Descending
  • Sigmoid
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3
Q

What are the flexures in the large intestine?

A
  • Right colic flexure, hepatic flexure
  • Left Colic flexure, Splenic flexure
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4
Q

Whats the function of the large intestine?

A

Reabsorption of fluids and waste elimination

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5
Q

Whats the longest, most movable, and most anterior portion of the large intestine?

A

Transverse Colon

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6
Q

Whats the difference in terminology between colon and large intestine?

A

Colon does NOT include cecum and rectum

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7
Q

Lower GI studies Exam methods:

Contrast usage
Can be performed as ______ procedure

A
  • Single or double contrast
  • May be performed as one- or two-stage procedure
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8
Q

what contrast is used in double contrast?

A
  • BaSO4, high-density
  • room air (CO2 is better tho)
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9
Q

Why is CO2 better than room air?

A

Absorbed faster

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10
Q

If retrograde filling is contraindicated, what can be done?

A

Orally administer water-soluble iodinated agents.
- not satisfactory for double-contrast studies tho

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11
Q

What are the clinical indications for Barium enema?

A
  • Colitis (ulcerative)
  • Diverticulosis/itis
  • Neoplasms (apple core/napkin ring lesions)
  • volvulus
  • intussusception
  • appendicitis
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12
Q

Barium Enema Procedure:

A

Uses contrast to visualize and evaluate the large bowel

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13
Q

Contrast used for single and double contrast studies?

A
  • single: thin barium, sometimes gastrografin
  • double: thick barium and air
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14
Q

Barium enema prep:

A
  • Low residue diet
  • Laxatives
  • bowel MUST be (as close to) free of fecal material
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15
Q

patient prep is limited for patients with:

A
  • severe diarrhea
  • gross bleeding
  • or obstruction
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16
Q

When does patient prep start?

A
  • 48 hours prior to examination
  • NPO after midnight (8 hours minimum prior to exam)
17
Q

Tip insertion steps:

A
  • Patient in sim’s position
  • wear gloves
  • lube tip heavily
  • instruct pt to slowly exhale
  • insert the tip 3-4” past anal sphincter, ant then sup direction
  • do NOT force against resistance
  • inflate balloon
18
Q

AP/PA projection for BE:

A
  • CR: MSP @ lvl of crests
  • PA position pushes the bowel laterally (prone)
  • PA is routine
  • No body rotation
19
Q

AP/PA projection for BE demonstrates:

A

Entire colon including both flexures and the rectum

20
Q

RAO/LPO projection for BE:

A
  • patient rotated 35-45 degrees
  • CR: 1-2” lateral from midline on elevated side @ lvl of crests
21
Q

what does RAO/LPO BE demonstrate?

A

Right colic flexure, ascending colon and sigmoid

22
Q

LAO/RPO projection for BE:

A
  • patient rotated 35-45 degrees
  • CR: 1-2” lateral from midline on elevated side @ lvl of crests
23
Q

what does LAO/RPO BE demonstrate?

A

Left colic flexure, descending colon

24
Q

AP/PA axial projection for BE:

A

CR:
- AP: 30-40 degrees cephalad, 2” below ASIS
- PA: 30-40 degrees caudad, exiting ASIS

PA is preferred tho

25
What does the AP/PA axial projection demonstrate?
The rectosigmoid area
26
Rectum, Lateral projection for BE:
CR: level of ASIS on MCP (usually done x-table) L or R lateral
27
What does the rectum, lateral projection for BE demonstrate?:
The rectum and distal sigmoid portion of colon
28
Right lateral decubitus AP/PA projection BE:
- Double contrast - horizontal beam, CR entering @ lvl of iliac crest
29
What does the RIGHT lateral decub AP/PA demo?
The medial aspect of ASCending colon, and lateral aspect of DESCending colon
30
Left lateral decubitus projection BE:
- Double contrast - horizontal beam, CR entering @ lvl of iliac crest
31
What does the left lateral decubitus projection demonstrate?
The Medial aspect of the DESCending colon, and lateral aspect of the ASCending colon
32
What is the Rt or Lt ventral decubitus position?
Patient is prone with either Rt or Lt side against IR
33
What is the procedure details for ventral decubitus position?
- Double contrast - CR: Horizontal (x-table) beam perpendicular to IR entering MCP at the level of the iliac crests
34
What structures does the ventral decubitus position show?
- Lateral image of the colon(rectum)
35
What is the post evacuation AP/PA projection?
A regular AP/PA projection performed after patient empties their bowels after initial exam
36
After the procedure, what should you tell the patient?
Barium can cause constipation, make sure you tell the patient to drink 8-10 glasses of water a day for 3-4 days

MRAD2220 - Outcome 4 (4 decks)

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