Lower Extremity (Origins, Insertions, Nerve supply and Arteries) Flashcards
What is the Origin of Tibialis Anterior?
Lateral condyle and superior 1/2 of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
What is the insertion of Tibialis Anterior?
Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
What is the nerve supply Tibialis Anterior?
Deep Fibular
What is the artery supply of Tibialis Anterior?
Anterior Tibial
What is the action of Tibialis Anterior?
Dorsiflexion and inversion
What is the Origin of Extensor Digitorum Longus?
Lateral condyle of tibia and superior 3/4 of medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
What is the insertion of Extensor Digitorum Longus?
Middle and distal phalanges of later 4 digits
What is the nerve supply Extensor Digitorum Longus?
Deep Fibular
What is the artery supply of Extensor Digitorum Longus?
Anterior Tibial
What is the action of Extensor Digitorum Longus?
Extension of lateral 4 digits and dorsiflexion
What is the Origin of Fibularis Teritius?
Inferior 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
What is the insertion of Fibularis Teritius?
Dorsum of base of 5thmetatarsal
What is the nerve supply Fibularis Teritius?
Deep Fibular
What is the artery supply of Fibularis Teritius?
Anterior Tibial
What is the action of Fibularis Teritius?
Dorsiflexion and aids in eversion
What is the Origin of Extensor Hallucis Longus?
Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
What is the insertion of Extensor Hallucis Longus?
Dorsal aspect of base o distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
What is the nerve supply of Extensor Hallucis Longus?
Deep Fibular
What is the artery supply of Extensor Hallucis Longus?
Anterior Tibial
What is the action of Extensor Hallucis Longus?
Extension of great toe and dorsiflexion
What is the Origin of Fibularis Longus?
Head and superior 2/3 lateral surface of fibula
What is the insertion of Fibularis Longus?
Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
What is the nerve supply of Fibularis Longus?
Superficial Fibular
What is the artery supply of Fibularis Longus?
Perforating branches of fibular and anterior Tibial arteries
What is the action of Fibularis Longus?
Eversion and weak plantar flexion
What is the Origin of Fibularis Brevis?
Inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
What is the insertion of Fibularis Brevis?
Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal
What is the nerve supply of Fibularis Brevis?
Superficial Fibular
What is the artery supply of Fibularis Brevis?
Perforating branches of fibular and anterior Tibial arteries
What is the action of Fibularis Brevis?
Eversion and weak plantar flexion
What is the Origins of Gastrocnemius?
Lateral Head - lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
Medial head - popliteal surface of femur; superior to medial condyle
What is the insertion of Gastrocnemius?
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
What is the nerve supply of Gastrocnemius?
Tibial
What is the artery supply of Gastrocnemius?
Popliteal
What is the action of Gastrocnemius?
Plantar flexion with extended knee
Raises heel during walking
Leg flexion
What is the Origins of Soleus?
Posterior aspect of head and superior 1/4 of posterior surface of fibula; soleal line, middle 1/3 of medial border of tibia
What is the insertion of Soleus?
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
What is the nerve supply of Soleus?
Tibial
What is the artery supply of Soleus?
Popliteal and posterior Tibial arteries
What is the action of Soleus?
Plantar flexion independent of position of knee
Steadies leg on foot
What is the Origins of Plantaris?
Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur; oblique popliteal l.
What is the insertion of Plantaris?
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
What is the nerve supply of Plantaris?
Tibial
What is the artery supply of Plantaris?
Popliteal and posterior Tibial arteries
What is the action of Plantaris?
Weak plantarflexion
What is the Origins of Popliteus?
Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus
What is the insertion of Popliteus?
Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
What is the nerve supply of Popliteus?
Tibial
What is the artery supply of Popliteus?
Popliteal
What is the action of Popliteus?
Weak flexion of leg
Unlocks knee by rotating femur 5 degrees on fixed tibia
Medially rotates tibia of unplanted limb
What is the Origins of Flexor Hallucis Longus?
Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula
Inferior part of Interosseous membrane
What is the insertion of Flexor Hallucis Longus?
Base of distal phalanx of great toe
What is the nerve supply of Flexor Hallucis Longus?
Tibial
What is the artery supply of Flexor Hallucis Longus?
Fibular
What is the action of Flexor Hallucis Longus?
Flexion of great toe at all joints
Weak plantarflexion
What is the Origins of Flexor Digitorum Longus?
Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line
Broad tendon to fibula
What is the insertion of Flexor Digitorum Longus?
Base of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
What is the nerve supply of Flexor Digitorum Longus?
Tibial
What is the artery supply of Flexor Digitorum Longus?
Posterior Tibial
What is the action of Flexor Digitorum Longus?
Flexion of lateral 4 digits
Plantarflexion
What is the Origins of Tibialis Posterior?
Interosseous membrane
Posterior surface inferior to soleal line
Posterior surface of fibula
What is the insertion of Tibialis Posterior?
Tuberosity of navicular Cuneiform Cuboid Sustentaculum tali Bases of 2nd - 4th metatarsals
What is the nerve supply of Tibialis Posterior?
Tibial
What is the artery supply of Tibialis Posterior?
Posterior Tibial
What is the action of Tibialis Posterior?
Plantarflexion and inversion
What is the Origins of Abductor Hallucis?
Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
Flexor Retinaculum
Plantar aponeurosis
What is the insertion of Abductor Hallucis?
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
What is the nerve supply of Abductor Hallucis?
Medial Plantar
What is the artery supply of Abductor Hallucis?
Medial Plantar
What is the action of Abductor Hallucis?
Abduction and flexion of great toe (hallux)
What is the Origins of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
Plantar aponeurosis
Intermuscular septa
What is the insertion of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral 4 digits
What is the nerve supply of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
Medial Plantar
What is the artery supply of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
Medial Plantar
What is the action of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
Flexion of lateral 4 digits
What is the Origins of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus
Plantar aponeurosis
Intermuscular Septa
What is the insertion of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
What is the nerve supply of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
Lateral Plantar
What is the artery supply of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
Lateral Plantar
What is the action of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
Abduction and flexion of 5th digit (little toe)
What is the Origins of Abductor Quadratus Plantae?
Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
What is the insertion of Quadratus Plantae?
Posterolateral margin tendon of Flexor Digitorum Longus
What is the nerve supply of Quadratus Plantae?
Lateral Plantar
What is the artery supply of Quadratus Plantae?
Lateral Plantar
What is the action of Quadratus Plantae?
Assists Flexor Digitorum Longus in flexing lateral 4 digits
What is the Origins of Lumbricals (4)?
Individual tendons of Flexor Digitorum Longus
What is the insertion of Lumbricals (4)?
Medial aspect of expansion over lateral 4 digits
What is the nerve supply of Lumbricals (4)?
1st-Medial Plantar
2nd-4th-Lateral Plantar
What is the action of Lumbricals (4)?
Flexion of proximal phalanges
Extend middle and distal phalanges lateral 4 digits
What is the Origins of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
Plantar surface of cuboid, intermediate and lateral cuneiforms
What is the insertion of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
Both sides base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
What is the nerve supply of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
Medial Plantar
What is the action of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
Flexion of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
What is the Origins of Adductor Hallucis?
Oblique Head - Base of 2nd to 4th Metatarsals
Transverse Head - Plantar ll. of metatarsalphalangeal joints
What is the insertion of Adductor Hallucis?
Lateral side base of the proximal phalanx of 1st digit
What is the nerve supply of Adductor Hallucis?
Deep branch of lateral plantar
What is the action of Adductor Hallucis?
Adduction of 1st digit
Assists maintaining transverse arch by pulling lateral 4 digits medial
What is the Origins of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis?
Base of 5th Metatarsal
What is the insertion of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis?
Base of Proximal Phalanx 5th digit
What is the nerve supply of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis?
Superficial branch of lateral plantar
What is the action of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis?
Flexion of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
What is the Origins of Plantar Interossei (3)?
Bases and medial sides of the 3rd to 5th Metatarsals
What is the insertion of Plantar Interossei (3)?
Medial sides of bases of phalanges 3-5
What is the nerve supply of Plantar Interossei (3)?
Lateral Plantar
What is the action of Plantar Interossei (3)?
Adduction of digits 3-5
Flexion of metatarsophalangeal joints
What is the Origins of Dorsal Interossei (4)?
Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5
What is the insertion of Dorsal Interossei (4)?
1st- medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
2nd-4th - lateral side of 2nd-4th digits
What is the nerve supply of Dorsal Interossei (4)?
Lateral Plantar
What is the action of Dorsal Interossei (4)?
Abduction of digits 2-4
Flexion of metatarsophalangeal joints
What is the Origins of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?
Calcaneus
Interosseous talocacaneal l.
Stem of inferior extensor retinaculum
What is the insertion of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?
Long extensor tendons of 3 medial digits (toes 2-4)
What is the nerve supply of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?
Lateral branch deep fibular
What is the action of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?
Aids extensor digitorum longus in extension of 3 medial digits at the metatarsalphalangeal joints and interphalangeal joints
What is the artery supply of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?
Lateral tarsal
What is the Origins of Extensor Hallucis Brevis?
Calcaneus
Interosseous talocalcaneal l.
Stem of inferior extensor retinaculum
What is the insertion of Extensor Hallucis Brevis?
Dorsal aspect base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
What is the nerve supply of Extensor Hallucis Brevis?
Lateral branch deep fibular
What is the artery supply of Extensor Hallucis Brevis?
Lateral tarsal
What is the action of Extensor Hallucis Brevis?
Aids extensor hallucis longus in extension of 1st digit at the metatarsophalangeal joint
What is the origin of the gluteus Maximus
Dorsum of sacrum
Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line
Sacrotuberous ligament
What is the insertion of the gluteus Maximus
Iliotibial tract
Gluteal tuberosity
What is the nerve innervation of Gluteus Maximus
Inferior Gluteal n
What is the artery of Gluteus Maximus
Superior and inferior gluteal artery
What is the action the Gluteus Maximus
Extension of thigh from flexed position
Assists with lateral rotation and rising from sitting position
What is the Origin of the gluteus medius
External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
What is the insertion of the gluteus medius
Lateral surface of the greater trochanter
What is the nerve innervation of gluteus medius
Superior gluteal nerve
What is the artery of gluteus medius
Superior gluteal artery
ascending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery
What are the actions of gluteus medius
Abducts and medially rotates thigh
Keeps pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing
Advance opposite during swing phase
What are the origins of gluteus minimus
External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
What are the insertions of gluteus minimus
Anterior surface of greater trochanter
What is the nerve innervation of gluteus minimus
Superior gluteal nerve
What is the artery of gluteus minimus
Superior gluteal artery
ascending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery
What is the action of gluteus minimus
Abducts and medially rotates thigh
Keeps pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing
Advance opposite during swing phase
What is the origin of tensor fascia lata
ASIS
Anterior part of iliac crest
What is the insertion of the tensor fascia lata
IT tract to lateral condyle of tibia
What is the nerve innervation of tensor fascia lata
Superior gluteal nerve
What is the artery of tensor fascia lata
Superior gluteal artery
Ascending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery
What is the origin of piriformis
Anterior surface of sacrum
Sacrotuberous ligament
What is the insertion of piriformis
Superior border of greater trochanter
What is the nerve innervation of piriformis
Ventral rami S1-2
What is the artery of piriformis
Inferior gluteal artery
Superior gluteal artery
What is the action of piriformis
Lateral rotation of extended thigh
Abduction of flexed thigh
Steadies femoral head
What is the origin of superior gemellus
Ischial spine
What is the insertion of superior gemellus
Trochanteric fossa of femur via tendon of obturator internus
What is the nerve innervation of superior gemellus
Nerve to obturator internus
What are the arteries of superior gemellus
Inferior gluteal artery
Medial femoral artery
Circumflex arteries
What is the action of superior gemellus
Lateral rotation of extended thigh
Abduction of flexed thigh
Steadies femoral head
What is the origin of obturator internus
Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
What is the insertion of obturator internus
Trochanteric fossa of femur
What is the nerve innervation of obturator internus
Nerve to obturator internus
What is the blood supply of obturator internus
Pelvic part: obturator artery
Extra pelvic part: medial femoral circumflex artery
What is the action of obturator internus
Lateral rotation of extended thigh
Abduction of flexed thigh
Steadies femoral head
What is the origin of inferior gemellus
Ischial tuberosity
What is the insertion of the inferior gemellus
Trochanteric fossa of femur via tendon of obturator internus
What is the nerve innervation of inferior gemellus
Nerve to quadratus femoris
What is the artery of inferior gemellus
Medial femoral circumflex artery
What is the action of inferior gemellus
Lateral rotation of extended thigh
Abduction of flexed thigh
Steadies femoral head
What is the origin of quadratus femoris
Lateral border of Ischial tuberosity
What is the insertion of quadratus femoris
Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it
What is the nerve innervation of quadratus femoris
Nerve to quadratus femoris
What is the artery of inferior gemellus
Medial femoral circumflex and 1st perforating arteries
What are the actions of quadratus femoris
Lateral rotation of extended thigh
Steadies femoral head
What is the origin of the pectineus muscle
Superior pubic ramus
What is the insertion of the pectineus
Pectineal line of femur
Inferior to lesser trochanter
What is the nerve innervation of pectineus
Femoral obturator nerve (sometimes)
What is the artery of pectineus
Anterior branch of obturator artery
What is the action of pectineus
Adduction and flexion of thigh
Assists with medial rotation
What is the origin of the iliopsoas
Iliacus: iliac crest and fossa, ala of sacrum anterior sacroiliac ll.
psoas major: sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and IVD; TPs of all lumbar vertebrae
What is the insertion of iliopsoas
Iliacus: tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter and femur distal to it
Psoas major: lesser trochanter
What is the nerve innervation of iliopsoas
Iliacus: femoral
Psoas major: ventral rami of L1-L2
What are the arteries of the iliopsoas
Femoral and medial femoral circumflex arteries
What are the actions of iliopsoas
Flexion of thigh or trunk
Stabilize hip joint
What is the origin of sartorius
ASIS and superior part of notch inferior to it
What is the insertion for as sartorius
Superior part medial surface of tibia
What is the nerve innervation of sartorius
Femoral n
What is the artery of sartorius
Femoral artery
What are the actions of sartorius
Flexion abduction and lateral rotation of thigh
Flexion of leg
Medial rotation of leg when knee is flexed
What is the origin of rectus femoris
AIIS
ilium superior to acetabulum
What is the insertion of rectus femoris
Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
What is the innervation of rectus femoris
Femoral n
What is the artery of rectus femoris
Femoral artery
What is the action of rectus femoris
Extension of leg
Flexion of thigh
Steadies hip joint
What is the origin of vastus lateralis
Greater trochanter
Lateral lip linea aspera
What is the insertion of vastus lateralis
Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
What is the innervation of vastus lateralis
Femoral n
What is the artery of vastus lateralis
Femoral artery
Profunda femoris
What is the action of vastus lateralis
Extension of leg
What is the origin of vastus intermedius
Anterior and lateral surfaces of femoral shaft
What is the insertion of vastus intermedius
Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
What is the innervation of vastus intermedius
Femoral n
What is the artery vastus intermedius
Femoral artery
Profunda femoris
What is the action of vastus intermedius
Extension of leg
What is the origin of vastus medialis
Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera
What is the insertion of the vastus medialis
Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
What is the innervation of vastus medialis
Femoral n
What are the arteries of the vastus medialis
Femoral artery
Profunda femoris artery
What is the action of the vastus medialis
Extension of leg
What is the origin of adductor longus
Body of pubic inferior to pubic crest
What is the insertion of adductor longus
Middle 1/3 of linea aspera
What is the nerve innervation of adductor longus
Anterior division obturator
What is the artery of adductor longus
Anterior branch of obturator
What is the action of adductor longus
Addiction of thigh
What is the origin of adductor brevis
Body and inferior pubic ramus
What is the insertion of adductor brevis
Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera
What is the nerve innervation of adductor brevis
Anterior division obturator
What is the artery of adductor brevis
Anterior branch of obturator
What is the action of adductor brevis
Adduction and limited flexion of thigh
What is the origin of adductor Magnus
Adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
What is the insertion of adductor Magnus
Adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar ridge
Hamstring part: adductor tubercle
What is the nerve innervation of adductor Magnus
Adductor part: posterior division of obturator
Hamstring part: tibial division of sciatic nerve
What is the artery of adductor Magnus
Anterior branch obturator artery and perforating artery
What is the action of adductor Magnus
Adduction of thigh
Adductor part: flexes thigh
Hamstring part: extends thigh
What is the origin of gracilis
Body and inferior ramus of pubis
What is the insertion of gracilis
Superior part medial surface of tibia
What is the nerve innervation of gracilis
Anterior division obturator
What is the artery of gracilis
Anterior branch obturator
What is the action of gracilis
Adduction of thigh
Flex leg
Medial rotation of leg
What is the origin obturator externus
Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
What is the insertion of obturator externus
Trochanteric fossa of femur
What is the nerve innervation of obturator externus
Posterior division of obturator
What is the artery of obturator externus
Anterior branch of obturator
What are the actions of the obturator externus
Lateral rotation of thigh
Steadies femoral head
What is the origin of semitendinosus
Ischial tuberosity
What is the insertion of semitendinosus
Superior part of medial surface of tibia
What is the nerve innervation of semitendinosus
Tibial n
What is the artery of semitendinosus
Profunda femoris
Posterior branches of obturator artery
What are the actions of semitendinosus
Extension of thigh
Flexion of leg
Medial rotation
What is the origin of semimembranosus
Ischial tuberosity
What is the insertion of semimembranosus
Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
What is the nerve innervation of semimembranosus
Tibial n
What is the artery of semimembranosus
Profunda femoris
Posterior branches of obturator artery
What is the action of semimembranosus
Extension of thigh
Flexion of leg
Medial rotation
What is the origin of biceps femoris
Long head: ischial tuberosity
Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
What is the insertion of the biceps femoris
Lateral side head of fibula
What is the nerve innervation of the biceps femoris
Long head: tibial n
Short head: common fibular n
What is the artery of the biceps femoris
Profunda femoris
Long head only: posterior branches of obturator
What is the action of biceps femoris
Flexion of leg when knee is flexed
Lateral rotation when knee is flexed
Extension of thigh