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Lower Extremity Muscles > Lower Extremity Muscles > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteus Maximus M.?

A

Origin: Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: Most fibers end in the iliotibial tract; some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosity
Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Action: Extends thigh (especially in flexed position) and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from seated position
Blood supply: inferior gluteal artery and superficial branch of superior gluteal artery

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2
Q

Gluteus Medius M.?

A

Origin: External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Insertion: Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)
Action: Abduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phase
Blood supply: deep branch of superior gluteal artery

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3
Q

Gluteus Minimus M.?

A

Origin: External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
Insertion: Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)
Action: Abduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phase
Blood supply: deep branch of superior gluteal artery

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4
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae M.?

A

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine; anterior part of the iliac crest
Insertion: Iliotibial tract
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)
Action: Abduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phase
Blood supply: deep branch of superior gluteal artery

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5
Q

Piriformis M.?

A

Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum; sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: superior border of greater trochanter of femur
Innervation: Branches of anterior rami of S1 and S2
Action: Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in the acetabulum
Blood supply: inferior gluteal artery

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6
Q

Obturator Internus M.?

A

Origin: Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
Insertion: Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
Action: Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in the acetabulum
Blood supply: inferior gluteal artery

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7
Q

Superior Gemellus M.?

A

Origin: ischial spine
Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
Innervation: nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
Action: Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in the acetabulum
Blood supply: inferior gluteal artery

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8
Q

Inferior Gemellus M.?

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
Action: Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in the acetabulum
Blood supply: inferior gluteal artery

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9
Q

Quadratus Femoris M.

A

Origin: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it
Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
Action: Laterally rotates thigh; steadies femoral head in the acetabulum
Blood supply: inferior gluteal artery

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10
Q

Psoas Major M.?

A

Origin: Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them; transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
Innervation: Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2, L3)
Action: Acts jointly with iliacus M. to flex thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing hip joint
Blood supply: lumbar branch of iliolumbar artery

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11
Q

Iliacus M.?

A

Origin: iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacro-iliac ligaments
Insertion: tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, and femur distal to it
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2, L3)
Action: Acts jointly with psoas major M. to flex thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing hip joint
Blood supply: medial circumflex femoral artery and iliac branch of iliolumbar artery

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12
Q

Sartorius M.?

A

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to it
Insertion: Superior part of medial surface of tibia
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2, L3)
Action: Cross-legged sitting position: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at the knee joint (medially rotates leg when knee is flexed)
Blood supply: deep femoral artery and saphenous branch of descending genicular artery

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13
Q

Articularis Genu M.?

A

Origin: inferior part of the anterior aspect of the femur
Insertion: synovial membrane of the knee joint and the wall of the suprapatellar bursa
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L3, L4)
Action: pulls the synovial membrane superiorly during extension of the leg, thereby preventing folds of the membrane from being compressed between the femur and the patella within the knee joint
Blood supply: descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery; branches from genicular anastomoses

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14
Q

What is the insertion, action, and innervation for all the quadriceps femoris muscles?

A

Insertion: Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)
Action: Extend leg at knee joint
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

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15
Q

Rectus Femoris M.?

A

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum
Action: Also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh
Blood supply: lateral circumflex femoral artery

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16
Q

Vastus Lateralis M.?

A

Origin: Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
Blood supply: lateral circumflex femoral artery

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17
Q

Vastus Intermedius M.?

A

Origin: Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur

Blood supply: lateral circumflex femoral artery

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18
Q

Vastus Medialis M.?

A

Origin: Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur
Blood supply: femoral artery; deep femoral artery; superior medial genicular branch of the popliteal artery

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19
Q

Pectineus M.?

A

Origin: Superior ramus of pubis
Insertion: Pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2, L3); may receive a branch from obturator nerve
Action: Adducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thigh
Blood supply: medial circumflex femoral artery and anterior branch of obturator artery

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20
Q

Adductor Longus M.?

A

Origin: Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
Insertion: Middle third of linea aspera of femur
Innervation: Anterior division of the obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Action: Adducts thigh
Blood supply: Deep femoral artery

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21
Q

Adductor Brevis M.?

A

Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur
Innervation: Anterior division of the obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Action: Adducts thigh; to some extent flexes it
Blood supply: Deep femoral artery

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22
Q

Adductor Magnus M.?

Adductor part and hamstring part.

A

Adductor part of adductor magnus M.
Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, and medial supracondylar line
Innervation: Posterior division of the obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Action: Adducts thigh and flexes thigh
Blood supply: Deep femoral artery

Hamstring part of adductor magnus M.
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: adductor tubercle of femur
Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4)
Action: Adducts thigh and extends thigh
Blood supply: Deep femoral artery
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23
Q

Gracilis M.?

A

Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: Superior part of medial surface of tibia
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2, L3)
Action: Adducts thigh; flexes leg; helps rotate leg medially
Blood supply: Obturator artery

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24
Q

Obturator Externus M.?

A

Origin: Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of femur
Innervation: Obturator nerve (L3, L4)
Action: Laterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulum
Blood supply: Obturator artery

25
Q

Semitendinosus M.?

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial surface of superior part of tibia
Innervation: tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Action: Extend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed. When thigh and leg are flexed, can extend trunk.
Blood supply: inferior gluteal artery and perforating branches of deep femoral artery

26
Q

Semimembranosus M.?

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: posterior part of medial condyle of tibia. Reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle).
Innervation: tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Action: Extend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed. When thigh and leg are flexed, can extend trunk.
Blood supply: inferior gluteal artery and perforating branches of deep femoral artery

27
Q

Long head of biceps femoris M.?

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: lateral side of head of fibula. Tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of the knee.
Innervation: tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Action: flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh
Blood supply: inferior gluteal artery and perforating branches of deep femoral artery

28
Q

Short head of biceps femoris M.?

A

Origin: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
Insertion: lateral side of head of fibula. Tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of the knee.
Innervation: common fibular division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Action: flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends thigh
Blood supply: inferior gluteal artery and perforating branches of deep femoral artery

29
Q

What is the innervation and blood supply to the entire anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

Blood supply: Anterior tibial artery

30
Q

Tibialis Anterior M.?

A

Origin: Lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal
Action: Dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot

31
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus M.?

A

Origin: Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
Action: Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle

32
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus M.?

A

Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia and superior ¾ of the medial surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
Action: Extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes ankle

33
Q

Fibularis Tertius M.?

A

Origin: Inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Dorsum of base of fifth metatarsal
Action: Dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of foot

34
Q

What is the innervation, action, and blood supply for the entire lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Action: Everts foot and weakly plantar-flexes ankle
Blood supply: Fibular artery

35
Q

Fibularis Longus M.?

A

Origin: Head and superior ⅔ of lateral surface of fibula
Insertion: Base of first metatarsal and medial cuneiform

36
Q

Fibularis Brevis M.?

A

Origin: Inferior ⅔ of lateral surface of fibula
Insertion: Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of fifth metatarsal

37
Q

What is the insertion and innervation for the entire superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
Innervation: Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

38
Q

Gastrocnemius M.?

A

Origin:
Lateral head: Lateral aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur
Medial head: Popliteal surface of femur; superior to medial condyle

Action: Plantar-flexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee joint
Blood supply: Sural arteries; posterior tibial artery

39
Q

Soleus M.?

A

Origin: Posterior aspect of head and superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula; soleal line and middle third of medial border of tibia; and tendinous arch extending between the bony attachment
Action: Plantar-flexes ankle independent of position of knee; steadies leg on foot
Blood supply: Sural arteries; posterior tibial artery

40
Q

Plantaris M.?

A

Origin: Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur; oblique popliteal ligament
Action: Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantar-flexing ankle
Blood supply: Sural branches of the popliteal artery

41
Q

What is the innervation for the entire deep layer of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Innervation: Tibial Nerve

42
Q

Popliteus M.?

A

Origin: Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus
Insertion: Posterior surface of tibia and superior to soleal line
Innervation: Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Action: Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur 5° on fixed tibia; medially rotates tibia of unplanted limb
Blood supply: Sural branches of the popliteal artery

43
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus M.?

A

Origin: Inferior ⅔ of posterior surface of fibula; inferior part of the interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
Innervation: Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
Action: Flexes great toe at all joints; weakly plantar-flexes ankle; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
Blood supply: Fibular artery; posterior tibial artery

44
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus M.?

A

Origin: Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line; by a broad tendon to fibula
Insertion: Bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits
Innervation: Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
Action: Flexes lateral four digits; plantar-flexes ankle; supports longitudinal arches of foot
Blood supply: Posterior tibial artery

45
Q

Tibialis Posterior M.?

A

Origin: Interosseous membrane; posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line; posterior surface of fibula
Insertion: Tuberosity of navicular, cuneiform, cuboid, and sustentaculum tali of calcaneus; bases of second, third, and fourth metatarsals
Innervation: Tibial nerve (L4, L5)
Action: Plantar-flexes ankle; inverts foot
Blood supply: Posterior tibial artery

46
Q

What is the origin, innervation, and blood supply for the entire dorsum of the foot?

A

Origin: Calcaneus (floor of tarsal sinus); interosseous talocalcaneal ligament; stem of inferior extensor retinaculum
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve (L5 or S1, or both)
Blood supply: Dorsalis pedis artery

47
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis M.?

A

Insertion: Long extensor tendons of four medial digits (toes 2-4)
Action: Aids the extensor digitorum longus in extending the four medial toes at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

48
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis M.?

A

Insertion: Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe (digit 1)
Action: Aids the extensor hallucis longus in extending the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint

49
Q

Abductor Hallucis M.?

A

Origin: Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosis
Insertion: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit
Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action: Abducts and flexes first digit
Blood supply: medial plantar artery

50
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis M.?

A

Origin: Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa
Insertion: Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits
Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action: Flexes lateral four digits
Blood supply: medial plantar artery

51
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi M.?

A

Origin: Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa
Insertion: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of fifth digit
Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action: Abducts and flexes fifth digit
Blood supply: lateral plantar artery

52
Q

Quadratus Plantae M.?

A

Origin: Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
Insertion: Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action: Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits
Blood supply: lateral plantar artery

53
Q

Lumbricals (4)?

A

Origin: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Insertion: Medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits

Innervation:
First lumbrical: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Lumbricals 2-4: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action: Flex proximal phalanges; extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

Blood supply:
First lumbrical: medial plantar artery
Lumbricals 2-4: lateral plantar artery

54
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis M.?

A

Origin: Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms
Insertion: Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of first digit
Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action: Flexes proximal phalanx of first digit
Blood supply: medial plantar artery

55
Q

Adductor Hallucis M.?

A

Origin:
Oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4
Transverse head: plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal joints

Insertion: Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit
Innervation: Deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action: Traditionally said to adduct first digit; assists in transverse arch of foot by metatarsal medially
Blood supply: medial plantar artery; lateral plantar artery; plantar arterial arch; plantar metatarsal arteries 1-4

56
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis M.?

A

Origin: Base of fifth metatarsal
Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of fifth digit
Innervation: Superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve (S2, S2)
Action: Flexes proximal phalanx of fifth digit, thereby assisting with its flexion
Blood supply: lateral plantar artery

57
Q

Plantar Interossei M. (3)?

A

Origin: Plantar aspect of medial sides of shafts of metatarsal 3-5
Insertion: Medial sides of bases of phalanges of third-fifth digits
Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action: Adduct digits 3-5 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints
Blood supply: lateral plantar artery; plantar arterial arch; plantar metatarsal arteries 2-4; dorsal digital arteries

58
Q

Dorsal Interossei M. (4)?

A

Origin: Adjacent sides of shafts of metatarsal 1-5

Insertion:
First dorsal interossei M.: medial side of proximal phalanx of second digit
Dorsal interossei M. 2-4: lateral sides of second-fourth digits

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Action: Abduct digits 2-4 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints
Blood supply: lateral tarsal arteries; medial tarsal arteries; plantar and dorsal metatarsal arteries 1-4; dorsal digital arteries

Lower Extremity Muscles (1 decks)

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