Lower Extremity and Gait

Question 1

Specifically, the ankle joint refers to the :
A. Talocrural joint
B. Subtalar joint
C. Transverse tarsal joint
D. Tarsometatarsal joint

Answer 1

A. Talocrural joint

Question 2

Which of the following movements are permitted at the talocrural joint:

A. Eversion/ inversion
B. Pronation/ supination
C. Abduction/ adduction
D. None of the above

Answer 2

D. None of the above
Correct: Plantarflexion and Dorsi flexion

Question 3

Dragging the foot during gait (i.e not being able to clear the foot during the swing phase) indicates dysfunction of the:
A. Plantarflexors
B. Invertors
C. Evertors
D. Dorsiflexors

Answer 3

D. Dorsiflexors

Question 4

During terminal swing when the knee is extending, the hamstrings would be active:
A. Concentrically
B. Eccentrically
C. Isometrically
D. Not active

Answer 4

B. Eccentrically

Question 5

During the loading response, when the heel has contacted the ground and the foot becomes flat on the floor, the dorsiflexors are active:
A. Concentrically
B. Eccentrically
C. Isometrically
D. Not active

Answer 5

B. Eccentrically

Question 6

During most of the swing phase, the hip flexors are active:
A. At very high levels concentrically
B. Eccentrically
C. Isometrically
D. Assisted by forward momentum

Answer 6

D. Assisted by forward momentum

Question 7

For questions 7-10 use the following key to match the muscle to the PRIMARY movement it produces:
A. Soleus
B. Peroneus longus
C. Tibialis anterior
D. Tibialis posterior

7. Plantarflexion____
8. Eversion_____
9. Inversion ______
10. Dorsiflexion______

Answer 7

7. Plantarflexion= A. Soleus
   8.Eversion= B. Peroneus Longus
8. Inversion= D. Tibialis Posterior
9. Dorsiflexion= C. Tibialis Anterior

Question 8

In a patient with chronic inversion ankle sprains, it would make sense to strengthen which of the following muscles:
A. Peroneus Longus
B. Tibialis posterior
C. Flexor digitorum Longus
D. Abductor hallucis brevis

Answer 8

A. Peroneus Longus

(since its Lateral)

Question 9

Dysfunction of the tibialis posterior muscle would result in weakness of ________ and __________:
A. Plantarflexion; inversion
B. Plantarflexion; eversion
C. Dorsiflexion; inversion
D. Dorsiflexion; eversion

Answer 9

A. Plantarflexion; inversion

Question 10

What are the two joints of the knee?

Answer 10

1.) Tibial Femoral Joint (Lateral & Medial)
2.) Patello Femoral Joint

Question 11

Collateral Ligaments function=

Answer 11

prevents frontal plane movement of the knee (add/ abd)

Question 12

MCL restraint against Valgus stress, prevents _______ of the knee

Answer 12

Abduction

Question 13

LCL restraint against ____ stress and prevents _____ of the knee

Answer 13

Valgus; Adduction

Question 14

a tear in the medial collateral ligament will result in an increased of decreased valgum?

Answer 14

INCREASED

Question 15

valgus means the knees are closer together or farther apart?

Answer 15

knees are close/ almost touching

Question 16

varus means what in correlation to the knees?

Answer 16

the knees are further away “bowlegged”

Question 17

Lateral Collateral tear occurs, does the Varus increase or decrease

Answer 17

Varus increases

Question 18

A chronic MCL tear of the knee = Arthritis on what compartment

Answer 18

Lateral Compartment

Question 19

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Answer 19

“APEX” = Runs “Anterior to “Posterior and “Externally

Question 20

ACL is taut in flexion or extension?

Answer 20

extension

Question 21

ACL restrains against hyper_______ of knee

Answer 21

hyperextension of knee

Question 22

*** ACL prevents Anterior Translation of tibia on femur
True of False?

Answer 22

True “A T “

Question 23

***ACL prevents ______ Translation of _____on tibia.

Answer 23

Posterior translation of femur on tibia “ P F”

Question 24

*** Posteror Cruciate Ligament neumonic that also explains where its located

Answer 24

“PAIN” Runs Posterior to Anterior and Internally

Question 25

PCL is taut in Flexion and bigger and stronger than ACL True or False

Answer 25

true

Question 26

Patella is what kind of bone?

Answer 26

Sesamoid bone

Question 27

When the patella displaces there is a(n) ______ in Moment Arm and _______ in Extension Torque

Answer 27

increase; increase

Question 28

if the patella is removed, the moment arm is ____ and the extension torque is _____

Answer 28

decreased; decreased

Question 29

**** To Maximally stretch Quadriceps you ______ the knee, _____ hip, and _______ Tilt Pelvis****

Answer 29

Flex; Extend; Posteriorly

Question 30

Flexor rotator muscles are

Answer 30

Hamstrings, sartorious, gracilis, popliteus

Question 31

What are the primary flexors of the knee

Answer 31

Hamstring muscles Medial Hamstring: semimembranosis & semitendinosus internally rotate the knee Lateral hamstring: Biceps Femoris - externally ROTATES the knee

Question 32

Walking/ running is concentric activation of hamstring muscles or eccentric

Answer 32

Concentric Activation - when knee is flexed Eccentric Activation- when knee is extended --> activation of hamstring muscles

Question 33

What are Sartorius and Gracilis responsible for?

Answer 33

Both are flexors and internal rotators of the knee Forms Pes Anserinus group along with semitendinosus, which as a group has the added effect of providing significant dynamic stability to the medial side of the knee