Lower Extremity and Gait Flashcards
Specifically, the ankle joint refers to the :
A. Talocrural joint
B. Subtalar joint
C. Transverse tarsal joint
D. Tarsometatarsal joint
A. Talocrural joint
Which of the following movements are permitted at the talocrural joint:
A. Eversion/ inversion
B. Pronation/ supination
C. Abduction/ adduction
D. None of the above
D. None of the above
Correct: Plantarflexion and Dorsi flexion
Dragging the foot during gait (i.e not being able to clear the foot during the swing phase) indicates dysfunction of the:
A. Plantarflexors
B. Invertors
C. Evertors
D. Dorsiflexors
D. Dorsiflexors
During terminal swing when the knee is extending, the hamstrings would be active:
A. Concentrically
B. Eccentrically
C. Isometrically
D. Not active
B. Eccentrically
During the loading response, when the heel has contacted the ground and the foot becomes flat on the floor, the dorsiflexors are active:
A. Concentrically
B. Eccentrically
C. Isometrically
D. Not active
B. Eccentrically
During most of the swing phase, the hip flexors are active:
A. At very high levels concentrically
B. Eccentrically
C. Isometrically
D. Assisted by forward momentum
D. Assisted by forward momentum
For questions 7-10 use the following key to match the muscle to the PRIMARY movement it produces:
A. Soleus
B. Peroneus longus
C. Tibialis anterior
D. Tibialis posterior
- Plantarflexion____
- Eversion_____
- Inversion ______
- Dorsiflexion______
- Plantarflexion= A. Soleus
8.Eversion= B. Peroneus Longus - Inversion= D. Tibialis Posterior
- Dorsiflexion= C. Tibialis Anterior
In a patient with chronic inversion ankle sprains, it would make sense to strengthen which of the following muscles:
A. Peroneus Longus
B. Tibialis posterior
C. Flexor digitorum Longus
D. Abductor hallucis brevis
A. Peroneus Longus
(since its Lateral)
Dysfunction of the tibialis posterior muscle would result in weakness of ________ and __________:
A. Plantarflexion; inversion
B. Plantarflexion; eversion
C. Dorsiflexion; inversion
D. Dorsiflexion; eversion
A. Plantarflexion; inversion
What are the two joints of the knee?
1.) Tibial Femoral Joint (Lateral & Medial)
2.) Patello Femoral Joint
Collateral Ligaments function=
prevents frontal plane movement of the knee (add/ abd)
MCL restraint against Valgus stress, prevents _______ of the knee
Abduction
LCL restraint against ____ stress and prevents _____ of the knee
Valgus; Adduction
a tear in the medial collateral ligament will result in an increased of decreased valgum?
INCREASED
valgus means the knees are closer together or farther apart?
knees are close/ almost touching
varus means what in correlation to the knees?
the knees are further away “bowlegged”
Lateral Collateral tear occurs, does the Varus increase or decrease
Varus increases
A chronic MCL tear of the knee = Arthritis on what compartment
Lateral Compartment
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
“APEX” = Runs “Anterior to “Posterior and “Externally
ACL is taut in flexion or extension?
extension
ACL restrains against hyper_______ of knee
hyperextension of knee
*** ACL prevents Anterior Translation of tibia on femur
True of False?
True “A T “
***ACL prevents ______ Translation of _____on tibia.
Posterior translation of femur on tibia “ P F”
*** Posteror Cruciate Ligament neumonic that also explains where its located
“PAIN” Runs Posterior to Anterior and Internally
PCL is taut in Flexion and bigger and stronger than ACL
True or False
true
Patella is what kind of bone?
Sesamoid bone
When the patella displaces there is a(n) ______ in Moment Arm and _______ in Extension Torque
increase; increase
if the patella is removed, the moment arm is ____ and the extension torque is _____
decreased; decreased
** To Maximally stretch Quadriceps you ______ the knee, _____ hip, and _______ Tilt Pelvis**
Flex; Extend; Posteriorly
Flexor rotator muscles are
Hamstrings, sartorious, gracilis, popliteus
What are the primary flexors of the knee
Hamstring muscles
Medial Hamstring: semimembranosis & semitendinosus internally rotate the knee
Lateral hamstring: Biceps Femoris - externally ROTATES the knee
Walking/ running is concentric activation of hamstring muscles or eccentric
Concentric Activation - when knee is flexed
Eccentric Activation- when knee is extended –> activation of hamstring muscles
What are Sartorius and Gracilis responsible for?
Both are flexors and internal rotators of the knee
Forms Pes Anserinus group along with semitendinosus, which as a group has the added effect of providing significant dynamic stability to the medial side of the knee
