Lower Extremity Flashcards
Psoas Major
Origin:
Bodies and bases of transverse processes of L1-L5
Insertion:
Lesser trochanter of the femur
Function:
- Flexes vertebral column (torso)
- Hip flexion
- Laterally rotates the thigh at the hip
Nerve:
Ventral rami of lumbar plexus (L1-L3)
Iliacus
Origin:
Iliac fossa of the os coxa
Insertion:
Less trochanter of the femur
Function:
- Flexes the trunk and pelvis on the thigh
- Hip flexion
- Laterally rotates the thigh at the hip
Nerve:
Femoral nerve
Pectineus
Origin:
Superior pubic ramus
Insertion:
Pectineal line below the lesser trochanter
Function:
- Hip flexion
- Hip adduction
Nerve:
Femoral nerve
Adductor Longus
Origin:
Pubic tubercle
Insertion:
Linea aspera of the femur (line below the lesser trochanter of the femur)
Function:
- Hip flexion
- Hip adduction
Nerve:
Obturator nerve
Adductor Magnus
Origin:
Oblique head - inferior pubic ramus
Vertical head - ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Oblique head - gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera and proximal supracondylar line of the femur
Vertical head - adductor tubercle of the femur
Function:
Oblique head:
1. Hip flexion
2. Adduction
Vertical head:
1. Extends the thigh at the hip
Nerve:
- Oblique head = obturator nerve
- Vertical head = sciatic nerve
Adductor Brevis
Origin:
Inferior pubic ramus
Insertion:
Linea aspera of the femur (line below the lesser trochanter of the femur)
Function:
- Adduction
- Hip flexion
Nerve:
Obturator nerve
Gracilis
Origin:
Pubic symphysis
Insertion:
Proximal medial surface of tibia (part of pes anserine)
Function:
1. Adduction
Nerve:
Obturator nerve
Rectus femoris
Origin:
Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
NB - Rob is younger than me (Rob for Rectus, younger for inferior spine)
Insertion:
Quadriceps tendon to tibial tubercle
Function:
1. Hip flexion
Nerve:
Femoral nerve
TFL
Origin:
Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
Insertion:
1. Just below the greater trochanter via iliotibial tract
Function:
- Hip abduction
- Hip flexion
Nerve:
Superior gluteal nerve
Sartorius
Origin:
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
NB - Steph is older than Rob (Steph for sartorius and older for superior iliac spine)
Insertion:
Proximal tibia, medial to tibial tuberosity (part of pes anserine)
Function:
1. Knee flexion
Nerve:
Femoral nerve
Vastus lateralis
Origin:
Greater trochanter
Insertion:
Quadriceps tendon to tibial tubercle
Function:
1. Knee extension
Nerve:
Femoral nerve
Vastus medialis
Origin:
Intertrochanteric line of the femur
Insertion:
Quadriceps tendon to tibial tubercle
Function:
1. Knee extension
Nerve:
Femoral nerve
Vastus intermedius
Origin:
Anterior and lateral surface of the shaft of the femur
Insertion:
Quadriceps tendon to tibial tubercle
Function:
1. Knee extension
Nerve:
Femoral nerve
ASIS
Satorius
Inguinal ligament
AIIS
Rectus femoris
TFL
Iliofemoral ligament
Lesser trochanter
Iliacus
Psoas
Biceps femoris: long head
Origin:
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Head of the fibula
Function:
1. Knee flexion
Nerve:
Sciatic nerve
Biceps femoris: short head
Origin:
Lateral lip of the linea aspera and upper part of the lateral supracondylar line
Insertion:
Head of fibula
Function:
1. Knee flexion
Nerve:
1. Sciatic nerve
Semimembranosus
Origin:
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Medial condyle of the tibia and lateral femoral condyle
Function:
1. Knee flexion
Nerve:
Sciatic nerve
Semitendinosus
Origin:
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Pes anserine
Function:
1. Knee flexion
Nerve:
Sciatic nerve
Gluteus maximus
Origin:
Posterior gluteal line of the inner upper ilium (pelvic bone) and part of the iliac crest (hip bone) near the sacrum
Posterior surface of the lower sacrum
Side of the coccyx
Insertion:
Into the iliotibial tract and greater tuberosity of the femur
Function:
1. Hip extension
Nerve:
Inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius
Origin:
Outer surface of the iliac crest and posterior gluteal line and anterior gluteal line
Insertion:
Lateral surface of the greater trochanter of the femur
Function:
- Thigh abduction
- Stabilizer
Nerve:
Superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus minimus
Origin:
Outer surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines (does not involve the iliac crest like the glut med does)
Insertion:
Anterior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur
NB - mini is small enough to come around the front of the greater trochanter
Function:
1. Thigh abduction
Nerve:
Superior gluteal nerve
Piriformis
Origin:
Side of the sacrum (below the glut minimum)
Insertion:
Piriform fossa of the greater trochanter
Function:
1. External rotation of the thigh
Nerve:
Nerve to piriformis S1 and S2
