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Anatomy Test 1 > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 major regions of the lower extremity?

A 
Gluteal
Femoral/Thigh region
Knee region
Leg region
Ankle region
Foot region
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2
Q

What is the sacrum?

A

-Formed of 5 fused, originally separate, vertebrae

-

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3
Q

What is the sacral hiatus?

A
  • Allows filum terminale of spinal cord to pass and attach to coccyx
  • Results from absence of laminae and spinous process of S4-S5 vertebrae
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4
Q

What forms the coccyx?

A

4 fused vertebrae

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5
Q

What forms the hip bone?

A

Fusion of three primary bones

1) Ilium
2) Ischium
3) Pubis

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6
Q

What is the ilium?

A

Bone that contributes to superior portion of acetabulum

-Articulates with sacrum

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7
Q

What is ischium?

A

Contributes to posterior-inferior part of acetabulum.

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8
Q

What is the pubis?

A
  • Contributes to anterior portion of acetabulum

- Articulates with other pubis at pubic symphysis

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9
Q

What is the sacrospinous ligament?

A

Connects ischial spine to sacrum

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10
Q

What is sacrotuberous ligament?

A

connects sacrum to ischial tuberosity

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11
Q

Action/Innervation of gluteus maximus?

A

Action: extends hip, lateral rotation of hip

Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve

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12
Q

Action/Innervation of tensor fasciae latae?

A

Action: flexes hip, lateral rotation of hip

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

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13
Q

Action/Innervation of gluteus medius

A

Action: abduct hip

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

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14
Q

Action/inntervation piriformis?

A

Action: stabilizes hip join

Innervation: Anterior rami S1/S2

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15
Q

Action/innervation gemellus superior?

A

Action: Stabilizes hip join

Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus

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16
Q

Action/innervation gemellus inferior?

A

Action: stabilize hip joint

Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris

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17
Q

Action/innervation obturator internus?

A

Action: stabilizes hip join

Innervation: nerve to obturator internus

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18
Q

Action/innervation quadratus femoris?

A

Action: stabilizes hip

Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris

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19
Q

Mneumonic to remember lumbar plexus?

A

I Invariably Get Lazy On Fridays

Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
Genitofemoral
Lateral femoral cutaneous
Obturator
Femoral
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20
Q

What do lumbar and sacral plexus provide?

A

Entire lower extremity with sensory and motor innervation

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21
Q

What does the piriformis divide?

A

Greater sciatic foramen
Superiorly: superior gluteal nerve (Arteries/veins)

Inferiorly: main body of sciatic nerve

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22
Q

2 facts about the femur?

A

Connects hip and knee joints

Longest and heaviest bone in body

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23
Q

Action/innervation of sartorius?

A

Action: abducts and flexes hip joint

Innervation: femoral nerve

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24
Q

Action/innervation of vastus lateralis?

A

Action: extends knee joint

Innervation: femoral nerve

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25
A/I of vastus medialis?
Action: extends knee joint Innervation: femoral nerve
26
A/I of vastus intermedius
Action: extends knee joint Innervation: femoral nerve
27
What muscles form the quad?
Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius
28
What muscles form the iliopsoas?
Psoas major | iliacus
29
A/I of psoas major
Action: hip flexion Innervation: Anterior rami lumbar nerve L1-L3
30
A/I of iliacus?
Action: hip flexion? Innervation: femoral nerve
31
What forms femoral triangle?
Base- inguinal ligament Medial border- medial edge of adductor longus Lateral border- sartorius
32
What forms floor of femoral triangle?
Ilipsoas and pectineus
33
What forms roof of femoral triangle?
Fascia lata, sq tissue and skin
34
What is point of femoral triangle?
Where neurovascular system of LE enters into thigh
35
What does N.A.V.Y stand for identifying femoral triangle contents?
Nerve, artery, vein, lymph node
36
What is the femoral sheath?
Fascial tube that contains femoral artery (lateral compartment), femoral vein in intermediate compartment, deep inguinal lymph node in medial compartment. Femoral nerve lies most lateral and OUTSIDE of femoral sheath
37
What is intermuscular passageway for the femoral artery/vein and saphenous nerve to pass?
Adductor canal Runs deep to satorius with adductor magnus and longus posteriorally, vastus medialis anteriolaterally.
38
Where does adductor canal end?
Adductor hiatus in tendon of adductor magnus<
39
How does the saphenous nerve pass along leg?
Anteromedial to leg region. Passes along satorious muscle, making it prone to injury when patient in lateral position
40
Which 2 nerves in lumbar plexus from 1 root?
Iliohypogastric (L1) | Ilioinguinal (L1)
41
Which 2 nerves lumbar plexus from 2 nerve roots?
Genitofemoral (L1-L2) | Lateral femoral cutaneous (L2-L3)
42
Which 2 nerves in lumbar plexus from 3 nerve roots?
Obturator (L2-L4) | Femoral (L2-L4)
43
Where does sacral plexus stem from?
L4-S3
44
Where does lumbar plexus stem from?
L1-L4
45
What forms common fibular/peroneal nerve?
L4-S2
46
What combines to form tibial nerve?
L4-S3
47
What 2 nerves join to become sciatic nerve
Common fibular(peroneal) and tibial nerve (L4-S3)
48
What combines to form posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?
S1-S3
49
What is the sciatic nerve?
Largest nerve in body | -2 nerves loosely bound together in same connective tissue sheath (common fibular and tibial nerve)
50
A/I of pectineus muscle?
Action: adductor and flexes hip joint Innervation: femoral nerve
51
A/I of adductor longus
Action: adductor hip Innervation: obturator nerve
52
A/I Adductor brevis
Action: adductor hip Innervation: Obturator nerve
53
A/I Adductor magnus
Action: adductor hip hip Innervation: obturator nerve
54
A/I Gracilis?
Action- adductor hip, flexes knee Innervation: obturator nerve
55
A/I Obturator externus
Action: laterally rotate hip join, stabilizes acetabulum Innervation: obturator
56
Pathway femoral nerve?
(L2-L4) - Originates in abd within posts major muscle - After femoral triangle, divides into several terminal branches to anterior thigh muscles and cutaneous innervation to anteromedial thigh Becomes saphenous nerve mid-thigh
57
What is the largest branch of lumbar plexus?
Femoral nerve
58
Pathway of saphenous nerve?
- Terminal branch of femoral nerve - Runs through adductor canal - Continues to leg region to supply skin and fascia on the anteromedial aspect of the knee, leg and foot
59
What does lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh innervate?
Cutaneous innervation of the lateral thigh
60
Pathway of femoral artery?
Continuation of external iliac artery - becomes femoral artery at inguinal ligament - follows adductor canal and exits via adductor hiatus of adductor magnus to become popliteal artery
61
Describe profunda femoris artery?
Deep artery of thigh -largest branch of femoral artery and main artery of thigh
62
Describe obturator artery?
Branch of internal iliac artery, travels along obturator nerve through obturator foramen -supplies obturator externus, pectineus, adductors of thigh, and gracilis
63
A/I of biceps femoris?
Action: Flexes knee joint, rotates knee laterally, extends hip joint Innervation: long head- tibial division of sciatic nerve short head- fibular/peroneal division of sciatic nerve
64
A/I of semitendinosus?
Action: extend hip joint, flex knee joint, rotate leg medially Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve lab landmark: long tendon, posterior thigh
65
A/I of semimembranosus?
action: extend hip joint, flex knee joint, rotate leg medially innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve
66
Describe pathway of sciatic nerve?
(Common fibular nerve &tibial nerve) - Enters gluteal region below piriformis, midway between greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity. - Descends to posterior thigh, lies posterior to adductor magnus and deep to long head of biceps femoris DOES NOT provide innervation to gluteal region, but most of posterior thigh muscle, all leg/foot muscle, most of skin of leg and foot - Divides into common fibular nerve (lateral) and tibial nerve (medial) in distal third of thigh
67
Pathway posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?
Runs medially to scieatic nerve. | Provies cutaneous/sensory information to posterior thigh
68
Describe Profunda femoris artery?
Supplies posterior thigh compartment | -deep penetrating branch of femoral artery
69
Describe popliteal artery?
Enters posterior compartment once femoral artery passes through adductor hiatus of adductor magnus -Supplies leg region
70
Boundaries of popliteal fossa?
- Biceps femoris superiolaterally - Semimembranosus/semitendinosus superiomedially - Laterally and medial heads of gastrocnemius inferolaterally and inferomedially - Skin/fascia posteriorly - Posterior capsule of knee anteriorly
71
3 facts about tibia
1) articulates with femoral condyles superiorly 2) articulates with talus inferiorly 3) weight bearing
72
2 facts fibula
- Lies posterolateral to tibia | - Main action is for muscle attachment (does not bear weight)
73
What connects tibia and fibula?
Interosseous membrane
74
A/I Gastrocnemius
Action: plantar flexes ankle, flexes knee join Innervation: tibial nerve
75
A/I Soleus
Action: Plantar flexes ankle Innervation: Tibial nerve
76
A/I Plantaris
Action: Weakly plantar flexes Innervation: Tibial nerve
77
A/I Popliteus
Action: Weakly flexes knee Innervation: tibial nerve
78
A/I Flexor hallucicus longus
Action: flexes great toe Innervation: Tibial nerve
79
A/I flexor digitorum longus
Action: flexes lateral four digits Innervation: Tibial nerve
80
A/I Tibialis posterior
Action: Plantar flexes ankle, inverts foot Innervation: Tibial nerve
81
Tibial nerve pathway?
- Runs through popliteal fossa with popliteal vessels passing between heads of gastrocnemius and deep to soleus - Continues behind medial malleolus of tibia between flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus - Continues to sole of foot where supplies plantar nerves of foot
82
2 facts tibial nerve
- Largest of two terminal branches of sciatic nerve | - Supplies all muscles in posterior compartment of the leg
83
Sural nerve?
- Cutaneous sensation only (sural= sensory lateral) - FOrmed by union of cutaneous branches form tibial and common fibular/peroneal nerve - Runs superficial b/w two heads gastrocnemius muscle, continue to posterior to lateral malleolus of fibula -Supplies skin on posterior and lateral aspects of leg and lateral side of foot
84
Posterior tibial artery?
- Larger terminal branch of popliteal artery - Blood supply to posterior compartment leg - Passes deep to soleus - Runs lateral to medial malleolus - Terminates in plantar arteries of sole of foot
85
Fibular artery?
- Branch of posterior tibial artery | - supplies fibula, posterior and lateral compartment muscles
86
A/I fibularis longus?
Action: evert foot Innervation: superficial fibular nerve
87
A/I Fibularis brevis?
Action: evert foot Innervation: superfiical fibular nerve
88
A/I Tibialis anterior?
Action: dorsiflexes ankle; inverts foot Innervation: deep fibular nerve
89
A/I Extensor digitorum longus
Action: extends lateral four digits Innervation: deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
90
A/I Extensor hallucis longus
Action: extends great toe; dorsiflexes ankle, inverts foot Innervation: deep fibular nerve
91
A/I Fibularis tertius
Action: dorsiflexes ankle Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
92
Common fibular nerve?
- Lateral, smaller terminal branch of sciatic nerve - Passes superficial to lateral head gastrocnemius muscle and winds around fibular neck - Divids into two terminal branches
93
Deep fibular/peroneal nerve?
- One of terminal branches of common fibular nerve - Nerve of anterior muscle compartment - Continues to dorsum of foot - Provides sensory between great and first toes - Travels with anterior tibial vessels
94
Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve
- Terminal branch of common fibular nerve - Supplies muscle of lateral comparmtnet - Continues as a cutaneous nerve, supplies skin on distal part of anterior surface of leg and nearly all dorsum of foot
95
Anterior tibial artery?
- Smaller terminal branch of politeal artery - Passes through interosseous membrane form posterior to anterior compartment. Supplies structure of anterior compartment - Ends at ankle joint, midway b/w malleoli where becomes the dorsalis pedal artery
96
Dorsalis pedis artery?
Dorsal artery of foot
97
Injury to lateral femoral cuteanous?Sensory and motor impariment?
Sensory: lateral thigh impairment Motor impairment: N/A
98
Obturator nerve sensory/motor impairment?
Sensory impairment: Superior, medial thigh Motor impairment: Weakness in adduction that results in lateral swinging of limb with walking
99
Femoral nerve (L2-L4) sensory/motor impairment?
Sensory impairment: Anterior thigh, medial leg region (saphenous nerve) Motor impairment: Impaired flexion of hip. Impaired extension of leg
100
Saphenous nerve sensory/motor impairment?
Sensory: medial aspect of leg Motor: n/a
101
Posterior femoral cutaneous sensory/motor impairment?
Sensory: Posterior aspect of thigh Motor: n/a
102
Sciatic nerve sensory/motor impairment?
Sensory: posterior thigh/lateral leg (common peroneal). Ventral and dorsal aspect of foot (tibial, deep and superficial peroneal nerve) Motor: Impaired extension at hip, impaired flexion at knee, loss of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion at ankle. Inversion and eversion of foot loss
103
Common peroneal nerve sensory/motor impairment
Sensory: lateral upper portion of leg, dorsum of foot Motor: foot drop and inverison of foot
104
Deep fibular nerve sensory/motor impairment?
Sensory: Space located b/w big toe and first toe Motor: foot drop
105
Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve
Sensory: Lower anterior lateral leg, dorsum of foot Motor: loss of foot eversion
106
Tibial nerve sensory/motor impairment?
Sensory: plantar aspect of foot, posterior lateral lower leg (Sural nerve) Motor: loss of plantar flexion, impaired inversion
107
Sural nerve sensory/motor impairment
Sensory: posterior lateral lower leg Motor: n/a
108
Where does cutaneous innervation for ilioinguinal nerve stem from?
L1
109
Where does cutaneous innervation iliohypogastric nerve stem from
Lumbar plexus L1
110
Where does genitofemoral cutaneous innervation stem from?
LUmbar plexus L1-L2
111
Where does lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh stem from?
Lumbar plexus (L2-L3)
112
Where does cutaneous innervation of obturator nerve stem from?
Lumbar plexus L2-L4
113
Where does medial and intermediate cutaneous of thigh stem from?
Cutaneous branch of femoral nerve (L2-L4)
114
Where does lateral cutaneous nerve of calf stem from?
Cutaneous branch of common fibulae/peroneal nerve
115
Origin of saphenous nerve?
Terminal branch of femoral nerve
116
Origin of superficial fibulae nerve?
Terminal branch of common fibulae nerve
117
Origin of deep fibulae nerve
Terminal branch of common fibulae nerve
118
Origin of posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh?
Sacral plexus S1-S3
119
Origin of Surat nerve?
Terminal branch of tibial and common fibulae nerve
120
What is origin of tibial, lateral, and medial plantar nerves?
Tibial nerve
121
Pathway of femoral artery?
Femoral arter--> adductor hiatus to --->popliteal artery--> posterior tibial artery OR fibular artery OR anterior tibial artery (front of l. leg)--> dorsalis pedis artery
122
Femoral artery bifurcates into ______ which perfuses thigh region of leg
profunda femoris (thigh region)
123
What does the great saphenous vein become?
Femoral vein

Anatomy Test 1 (2 decks)

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