Hinge diarthrosis + little rotation - quadriceps tendon, patellar ligament - medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament - anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament - popliteal ligament

Lower Extremity Flashcards by Bailey Vanderee

7 bones of the ankle

calcaneus
talus
navicular
cuboid
medial cuneiform
intermediate cuneiform
lateral cuneiform

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Arches in the foot

Allow for weight distribution, balance, and proper gait cycle. 
Transverse arch (medial to lateral)
Longitudinal arch (posterior to superior)

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Sacro-iliac joint

Joint between auricular surface of Sacrum and auricular surface of Ilium
Planar diarthrosis

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Pubic Symphysis Joint

amphiarthrosis - symphysis

separated by cartilaginous disc. merges left and right pubic bones together

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Hip Joint

Ball and socket diarthrosis

- strong, dense, and deep articular capsule, 4 ligaments, and muscles increase stability

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Knee Joint

Hinge diarthrosis + little rotation

quadriceps tendon, patellar ligament
medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament
anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament
popliteal ligament

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Tibiofibular Joint

gliding diarthrosis
stabilized by:
- interosseus membrane
- posterior tibiofibular ligament
- anterior tibiofibular ligament

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Talocrural Joint

Ankle joint between talus and tibia and fibula

hinge diarthrosis - dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

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Plantar fascia

Connective tissue band on plantar surface of foot from calcaneus to the head of the metatarsals

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Gluteus maximus

O: iliac crest, gluteal line, sacrum, coccyx
I: IT band, gluteal tuberoisty
A: hip extension

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Gluteus Medius

O: iliac crest
I: greater trochanter
A: hip abduction

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Gluteus Minimus

O: Ilium between gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter
A: hip abduction

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Tensor Fasciae Latae

O: iliac crest
I: iliotibial band
A: knee extension

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Obturators

O: obturator foramen
I: greater trochanter
A: lateral rotation of hip

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Piriformis

O: sacrum
I: greater trochanter
A: lateral rotation of hip

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Gemelli

O: ischial spine and tuberosity
I: greater trochanter
A: lateral rotation of hip

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Quadratus Femoris

O: ischial tuberosity
I: intertrochanteric crest
A: lateral rotation of hip

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Adductors (longus, brevis, magnus)

O: inferior ramus of pubis
I: linea aspera
A: hip adduction

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Pectineus

O: Superior ramus of pubis
I: Pectineal line
A: hip adduction

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Gracilis

O: inferior ramus of pubis
I: medial condyle
A: hip adduction

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Iliacus

O: Iliac Fossa
I: lesser trochanter
A: hip flexion

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Psoas Major

O: transverse processes
I: lesser trochanter
A: hip flexion

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Biceps Femoris

O: ischial tuberosity (LH) and linea aspera (SH)
I: Lateral condyle of tibia
A: knee flexion

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Semimembranosus

O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle of tibia
A: knee flexion

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Semitendinosus

O: Ischial tuberosity I: tibia A: knee flexion

Popliteus

O: lateral condyle of the femur I: tibial shift A: knee flexion

Rectus Femoris

O: AIIS I: Tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon A: knee extension

Vastus Intermedius

O: line aspera I: tibial tuberosity A: knee extension

Vastus Lateralis

O: linea aspera I: tibial tuberosity A: knee extension

Vastus medialis

O: linea aspera I: tibial tuberosity A: knee extension

Tibialis Anterior

O: lateral condyle of tibia I: base of the first metatarsal A: dorsiflexion of the ankle, slight inversion

Gastrocnemius

O: femoral condyles I: calcaneus via achilles tendon A: plantar flexion at ankle, flexion at knee

Fibularis brevis

O: fibula I: base of fifth metatarsal A: eversion of foot, plantar flexion

Fibularis longus

O: head of fibula I:base of first metatarsal A: eversion of foot, plantar flexion

Plantaris

O: lateral supracondylar ridge I: calcaneus A: plantar flexion, knee flexion

Soleus

O: head of fibula I: calcaneus via achilles tendon A: plantar flexion

Tibialis Posterior

O: interosseus membrane I: navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, metatarsals A: inversion and plantar flexion

Flexor digitorum longus

I: distal phalanges 2-5 A: flexion of toes 2-5

Flexor hallucis longus

I: distal phalanx of big toe A: flexes big toe

Extensor digitorum longus

I: phalanges 2-5 A: extension of toes 2-5

Extensor Hallucis longus

I: distal phalanx of big toe A: extension of big toe

Iliotibial band

O: iliac crest I: lateral condyle of tibia A: hip extension and abduction, lateral rotation @ knee

Anterior compartment

Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis Longus Superior and inferior extensor retinaculum

Superficial posterior compartment

Gastrocnemius Plantaris Soleus

Deep posterior compartment

Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Popliteus Tibialis posterior

Lateral compartment

fibularis longus | fibularis brevis

extensor digitorum brevis

extends digits 2-5

extensor hallucis brevis

extends big toe

adductor hallucis

adducts big toe

abductor hallucis

abducts big toe

abductor digiti minimi

abducts pinky toe

flexor digiti minimi brevis

flexes little toe

flexor hallucis brevis

flexes big toe

flexor digitorum brevis

flexes toes 2-5

lumbricals

flexion at metatarsophalangeal joints while maintaining extension at interphalangeal joints

dorsal interossei

abduct digits (DAB)

Plantar interossei

adduct digits (PAD)

Femoral nerve

innervates: - quadriceps - iliopsoas group - sartorius, pectineus

Obturator nerve

innervates: - adductor group gracilis

superior gluteal nerve

innervates: | - gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae

inferior gluteal nerve

innervates: | - gluteus maximus

Sciatic nerve

biggest nerve in the body innervates: - lateral rotator group - hamstrings

Tibial nerve

innervates: | - posterior compartment and short head of biceps femoris

Fibular nerve

superficial innervates: - lateral compartment deep innervates: - anterior compartment

Saphenous nerve

medial leg and ankle

Sural nerve

lateral leg, ankle, and foot

Tibial Nerve

plantar surface of foot and heel

Fibular nerve

dorsal surface of foot

Sciatica

``` compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve symptoms: - lower back, butt, and leg pain - numbness or weakness in legs - tingling in legs - difficulty moving leg ```