Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin Med II MSK > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

What is avascular necrosis of hip called in kids?

A

Legg-Calve Perthes Dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tx of avascular necrosis

A

Conservative, may eventually need hip replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Labral tear of hip, occurs in what pop?

A

Men 30-40 due to wear and tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sx of labral tear of hip

A

Groin pain

“Locks”, limits exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Femoroacetabular Impingement

A

Early osteoarthritis w/ labral tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Types of Femoroacetabular Impingement (3)

A

CAM–young active males, flattening/widening of femoral neck
Pincer–females, osteophyte formation on superior acetabulum
Blended–some flattening w/ osteophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hip dislocation–what does leg look like? (position)

A

Shortened, adducted, internally rotated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is posterior or anterior hip dislocation more common?

A

Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Femoral neck fx–what does leg look like? (position)

A

Shortened, abducted, externally rotated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Femoral neck fx has high risk of what?

A

AVN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Triad of RF for femoral neck fx

A

Amenorrhea, eating disorder, osteoporosis (teen female runner)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Types of femoral neck fx (2) and tx

A

Tension: fx along superior lateral neck
- Surg
Compression: fx along inferior medial neck
- Non-op, NWB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fx–what does leg look like? (position)

A

Shortened, externally rotated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric tx

A

100% are surgical (ORIF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

All subtrochanteric fx are considered ______ until proven otherwise

A

Pathologic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Greater trochanteric bursitis is inflam bt _____ and _____

A

Inflam bt gluteus medius and IT band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of gait do kids w/ Legg-Calve Perthes have?

A

Trendelenburg gait, painless limp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

1 RF of slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

Obese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sx of slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

Painful limp, knee/thigh pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What pop typically gets slipped capital femoral epiphysis?

A

10-14 y/o during growth spurts or jumping activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tx for slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

ORIF, NWB (wheelchair)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

1 complication of slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

Osteonecrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Most common orthopedic disorder of newborns

A

Developmental dysplasia of hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Developmental dysplasia of hip: Barlows vs. Ortolani

A
  • Barlows: hip flexion and adduction

- Ortolani: hip elevation and abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Diagnosing developmental dysplasia of hip

A

Initially: US

At 4-6 months: xray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Developmental dysplasia can lead to…

A

Premature osteoarthritis

27
Q

Xray views of knee to order

A

Standing AP
Standing lateral
Sunrise view

28
Q

Is knee dislocation an emergency?

A

YES–early reduction is essential

29
Q

What must you check on pt w/ knee dislocation?

A

Distal pulses and peroneal nerve fxn

30
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Dz

A

Pronounced tibial tubercle

31
Q

Pop that presents w/ Osgood-Schlatter Dz

A

Kids w/ rapid growth spurt and running sports (or obese kids)

32
Q

Patella alta vs. Patella baja

A

Alta=above (patellar tendon tear)

Baja=below (quad tendon tear)

33
Q

How to tx patellar fx

A

Knee immobilizer for 6-8 wks UNLESS displaced fx (ORIF)

34
Q

Common mechanism for meniscal injuries

A

Plant and twist

35
Q

Tests for meniscal tears

A

McMurray’s and Apley

36
Q

Common mechanism for ACL tear

A

Quickly stop moving and change direction while running, HEAR POP

37
Q

Tests for ACL tear

A

Lachman’s and Anterior drawer

38
Q

Is an MCL tear is caused by valgus or varus stress?

A

Valgus

39
Q

Is a LCL tear is caused by valgus or varus stress?

A

Varus

40
Q

Common mechanism for PCL tear

A

“Dashboard” injury–blow to knee while it is bent

41
Q

Tests for PCL tear

A

[+] Posterior drawer

[+] sag sign–tibia sags posteriorly

42
Q

Tx for MCL, LCL, and PCL tears

A

Brace

43
Q

Gold standard for diagnosing knee osteoarthritis

A

Xray

44
Q

Xray views of ankle to order

A

AP
Lateral
Mortise view

45
Q

Ottawa ankle rules: order xray if either of the following are true…

A
  • Navicular or malleolar pain

- Unable to take 4 steps

46
Q

Most common metatarsal fx

A

5th Metatarsal (Jones) fx

47
Q

Why would you be concerned about a 5th metatarsal diaphysis fx?

A

Poor blood supply

48
Q

Most commonly injured tarsal bone

A

Calcaneus

49
Q

Ankle arthritis is often a result of…

A

Past trauma (primary is rare)

50
Q

Is ankle arthritis usually bilateral or unilateral?

A

Unilateral

51
Q

Which ligament is most commonly injured in ankle sprain?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)–main stabilizer during inversion

52
Q

Syndesmosis sprain AKA…

A

High ankle sprain

53
Q

3 Grades of Ligament Injuries

A

1: stretching w/ microscopic damage
2: partial disruption
3: complete disruption

54
Q

Test for ankle sprain

A

Ankle drawer test: [+] = anterior translation of foot

55
Q

Cause of achilles tendinitis

A

Overuse

56
Q

What tx to avoid in achilles tendinitis?

A

Steroid injection –> tendon rupture

57
Q

Which class of meds put pt at risk for achilles tendon rupture?

A

Fluoroquinolones

58
Q

What test is used for achilles tendon rupture?

A

Thompson’s test: weak/absent plantar flexion when gastrocnemius is squeezed

59
Q

Most common cause of inferior heel pain

A

Plantar fasciitis

60
Q

When does someone w/ plantar fasciitis experience pain the most?

A
  • 1st thing in morning
  • Initiation of walking after resting
  • Running/high impact
61
Q

Hallmark of Morton’s neuroma (tumor of plantar interdigital nerve)

A

Pain and tenderness in involved webspace

62
Q

Hallux Valgus AKA…

A

Bunion

63
Q

Hallux Valgus can be caused by…

A
  • Constrictive footwear
  • Genes
  • Foot malalignment
64
Q

Most common cause of onychomycosis

A
  • Dermatophyte (fungus)

Clin Med II MSK (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions