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Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

Origin: Lateral ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines.
Insertion: Lateral greater trochanter of femur.
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve.
Blood Supply: Superior gluteal artery.
Action: Abducts and internally rotates thigh.

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2
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Origin: Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament.
Insertion: IT band to lateral condyle of tibia, and gluteal tuberosity of femur.
Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve.
Blood Supply: Superior and inferior gluteal arteries and deep femoral artery.
Action: Extends and externally rotates thigh.

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3
Q

Gluteus Minimis

A

Origin: Lateral ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines.
Insertion: Anterior of greater trochanter.
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve.
Blood Supply: Superior gluteal artery.
Action: Abducts and internally rotates thigh.

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4
Q

Tensor Fasciae Latae

A

Origin: ASIS and external lip of pelvis.
Insertion: Lateral tibial condyle.
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve.
Blood Supply: Superior gluteal and lateral circumflex femoral.
Action: Abducts, internally rotates, and flexes thigh. Stabilizes trunk.

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5
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

Origin: Medial half of inferior border of 12th rib and lumbar transverse processes.
Insertion: Iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of iliac crest.
Innervation: Ventral rami of T12-L4.
Blood Supply: Iliolumbar artery.
Action: Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column. Fixes 12th rib during inspiration.

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6
Q

Iliacus

A

Origin: Iliac fossa, iliac crest, and ala of sacrum.
Insertion: Tendon of psoas major and body of femur inferior to lesser trochanter.
Innervation: Femoral nerve.
Blood Supply: Iliolumbar artery.
Action: Flexes the thigh and stabilizes hip.

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7
Q

Psoas Major

A 
Origin: Sides of vertebra T12-L5 and transverse processes of L1-L5.
Insertion: Lesser trochanter.
Innervation: Ventral rami of L1-L3.
Blood Supply: Iliolumbar artery.
Action: Flexes thigh and stabilizes hip.
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8
Q

Sartorius

A 
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: Superior medial tibia.
Innervation: Femoral nerve.
Blood Supply: Femoral artery.
Action: Flexes, externally rotates, and abducts thigh.
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9
Q

Gracilis

A

Origin: Body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus.
Insertion: Superior medial tibia.
Innervation: Obturator nerve.
Blood Supply: Deep femoral and medial circumflex femoral.
Action: Adducts thigh. Flexes and internally rotates leg.

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10
Q

Semitendonosus

A

Origin: Upper and medial ischial tuberosity.
Insertion: Superior medial tibia.
Innervation: Tibial nerve.
Blood Supply: Deep femoral and popliteal arteries.
Action: Flexes leg, extends thigh.

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11
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

Origin: AIIS and groove superior to actetabulum.
Insertion: Base of patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament.
Innervation: Femoral nerve.
Blood Supply: Lateral circumflex femoral and deep femoral.
Action: Extends leg at knee and flexes thigh at hip.

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12
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A

Origin: Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera.
Insertion: Base of patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament.
Innervation: Femoral nerve.
Blood Supply: Lateral circumflex femoral and deep femoral arteries.
Action: Extends the leg at knee.

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13
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A

Origin: Anterior and lateral body of femur.
Insertion: Base of patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament.
Innervation: Femoral nerve.
Blood Supply: Lateral circumflex femoral and deep femoral.
Action: Extends leg at knee.

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14
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

Origin: Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera.
Insertion: Insertion: Base of patella and to tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament.
Innervation: Femoral nerve.
Blood Supply: Femoral and deep femoral arteries.
Action: Extends leg at knee.

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15
Q

Biceps Femoris (Long Head)

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity.
Insertion: Lateral head of fibula.
Innervation: Tibial nerve.
Blood Supply: Deep femoral and popliteal arteries.
Action: Flexes and externally rotates leg, extends thigh.

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16
Q

Biceps Femoris (Short Head)

A

Origin: Lateral lip of linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line.
Insertion: Lateral head of the fibula.
Innervation: Fibular nerve.
Blood Supply: Deep femoral and popliteal arteries.
Action: Flexes and externally rotates leg, extends thigh.

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17
Q

Semimembranous

A

Origin: Upper and lateral ischial tuberosity.
Insertion: Posterior medial condyle of tibia.
Innervation: Tibial nerve.
Blood Supply: Deep femoral and popliteal arteries.
Action: Flexes leg, extends thigh.

18
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

Origin: Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, and ischial tuberosity (hamstring).
Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, supracondylar line, and adductor tubercle (hamstring).
Innervation: Obturator (Adductor) & Tibial (hamstring).
Blood Supply: Deep femoral, popliteal, and obturator arteries.
Action: Adducts and flexes thigh (adductor). Extends thigh (hamstring).

19
Q

Adductor Longus

A

Origin: Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest.
Insertion: Middle third of linea aspera.
Innervation: Obturator nerve.
Blood Supply: Medial circumflex femoral and obturator arteries.
Action: Adducts thigh and internally rotates.

20
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

Origin: Body and inferior pubic ramus.
Insertion: Pectineal line and proximal linea aspera.
Innervation: Obturator nerve.
Blood Supply: Medial circumflex femoral and obturator nerve.
Action: Adducts and flexes thigh. Internally rotates as well.

21
Q

Pectineus

A

Origin: Pecten pubis.
Insertion: Pectineal line of femur.
Innervation: Femoral nerve (sometimes obturator).
Blood Supply: Medial circumflex femoral and obturator arteries.
Action: Adducts and flexes thigh.

22
Q

Superior Gemellus

A 
Origin: Ischial spine.
Insertion: Obturator internus tendon.
Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus.
Blood Supply: Inferior gluteal artery.
Action: Externally rotates thigh.
23
Q

Inferior Gemellus

A 
Origin: Upper margin of ischial tuberosity.
Insertion: Medial greater trochanter.
Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris.
Blood Supply: Inferior gluteal artery.
Action: Externally rotates thigh.
24
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

Origin: Lateral margin of ischial tuberosity.
Insertion: Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur.
Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris.
Blood Supply: Medial circumflex artery.
Action: Externally rotates thigh.

25
Piriformis
Origin: Anterior sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament. Insertion: Superior greater trochanter. Innervation: Ventral rami of S1 & S2. Blood Supply: Superior and inferior gluteal arteries and pudendal artery. Action: Externally rotates thigh and abducts flexed thigh.
26
Obturator Internus
Origin: Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and margins of obturator foramen. Insertion: Medial greater trochanter. Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus. Blood Supply: Internal pudendal and superior gluteal arteries. Action: Externally rotates and abducts flexed thigh.
27
Obturator Externus
Origin: Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane. Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of femur. Innervation: Obturator nerve. Blood Supply: Medial cirumflex femoral and obturator artery. Action: Externally rotates thigh and stabilizes head of femur in hip.
28
Fibularis Brevis
Origin: Distal two thirds of lateral fibula. Insertion: Dorsal tuberosity on base of fifth metatarsal. Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve. Blood Supply: Fibular artery. Action: Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle.
29
Fibularis Longus
Origin: Head and proximal two thirds of lateral fibula. Insertion: Plantar base of first metatarsal and medial cuneiform. Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve. Blood Supply: Anterior tibial and fibular arteries. Action: Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle.
30
Gastrocnemius
Origin: Lateral head - lateral femoral condyle. Medial head - popliteal surface above medial femoral condyle. Insertion: Posterior calcaneous via the calcaneal tendon. Innervation: Tibial nerve. Blood Supply: Popliteal artery. Action: Plantarflexes ankle and flexes knee.
31
Soleus
Origin: Posterior head of fibula, proximal one fourth of posterior fibula, and soleal line of tibia. Insertion: Poster calcaneous via the calcaneal tendon. Innervation: Tibial nerve. Blood Supply: Posterior tibial, fibular, and popliteal arteries. Action: Plantarflexes ankle and stabilizes leg over foot.
32
Plantaris
``` Origin: Popliteal surface of femur. Insertion: Calcaneal tendon. Innervation: Tibial nerve. Blood Supply: Popliteal artery. Action: Assists gastrocnemius. ```
33
Popliteus
Origin: Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus. Insertion: Posterior tibia above soleal line. Innervation: Tibial nerve. Blood Supply: Popliteal artery. Action: Internal rotation, unlocks and weakly flexes knee.
34
Tibialis Posterior
Origin: Posterior tibia below soleal line, interosseous membrane, and proximal half of posterior fibula. Insertion: Tuberosity of navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid and bases of 2-4 metatarsals. Innervation: Tibial nerve. Blood Supply: Fibular artery. Action: Plantarflexes foot at ankle and inverts foot.
35
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Origin: Medial posterior tibia inferior to soleal line. Insertion: Plantar bases of distal phalanges of lateral four toes. Innervation: Tibial nerve. Blood Supply: Posterior tibial artery. Action: Flexes lateral four toes, plantarflexes ankle.
36
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Origin: Distal two thirds of posterior fibula and inferior part of interosseous membrane. Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of great toe. Innervation: Tibial nerve. Blood Supply: Fibular artery. Action: Flexes great toe, weakly plantarflexes ankle.
37
Tibialis Anterior
Origin: Lateral condyle and proximal half of lateral tibia and interosseous membrane. Insertion: Medial plantar surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal. Innervation: Deep fibular nerve. Blood Supply: Anterior tibial artery. Action: Dorsiflexes the ankle and inverts foot.
38
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia and proximal three quarter of anterior interosseous membrane. Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of 2-5 toes. Innervation: Deep fibular nerve. Blood Supply: Anterior tibial artery. Action: Extends 2-5 toes and dorsiflexes ankle.
39
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Origin: Middle part of anterior fibula and interosseous membrane. Insertion: Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe. Innervation: Deep fibular nerve. Blood Supply: Anterior tibial artery. Action: Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle.
40
Iliococcygeus, Puborectalis, Pubococcygeus
Origin: Body of pubis, tendinous arch of obturator fascia, and ischial spine. Insertion: Perineal body, coccyx, anococcygeal raphe, walls of prostate or vagina, rectum, and anal canal. Innervation: Ventral rami of S3-S4, perineal nerve. Blood Supply: Inferior gluteal, perineal, and internal pudendal arteries. Action: Supports pelvic viscera; raises pelvic floor.
41
Coccygeus
Origin: Ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament. Insertion: Inferior sacrum and coccyx. Innervation: Ventral rami S4-S5 Blood Supply: Inferior gluteal artery. Action: Supports pelvic viscera; draws coccyx forward.

Anatomy (2 decks)

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