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kinesiology > lower extremity > Flashcards

lower extremity Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is hip joint

A

multiaxial ball and socket

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2
Q

pelvic girdle

A

femur and acetabulum (where pelvis comes together)

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3
Q

SI joint

A

(Sacroiliac joint) where pelvis meets sacrum

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4
Q

3 pelvic bones

A

ilium
ischium
pubis

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5
Q

anterior pelvic tilt

A

big butt big gut

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6
Q

posterior pelvic tilt

A

old man walking

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7
Q

lateral pelvic tilt

A

hips moving up and down

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8
Q

hip flexor muscles and tendon location

A

anterior.
sartorius, tensor fasciae latae, rectus femoris, iliopsoas, pectinius

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9
Q

iliopsoas 3 parts, origin and insertion, and movement

A

iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor
o: ilium/ L1-5
i: lesser trochanter
flexion & external rotation

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10
Q

pectineus origin & insertion, movement

A

reverse pockets
o: pubis
i: lesser trochanter
FAdEr

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11
Q

sartorius origin & insertion, movement

A

o: ASIS (medial)
i: pes anserine
movement: FAbEr (cross leg)

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12
Q

rectus femoris origin & insertion

A

o: AIIS
i: Tibial Tuberosity
movement: hip flexion, knee extension

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13
Q

tensor fasciae latae origin & insertion, movement

A

o: ASIS
i: Gerdy’s Tubercle
movement: hip flexion and abduction

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14
Q

hip extensor muscles and tendon location

A

posterior
gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus,

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15
Q

gluteus maximus origin & insertion, movement

A

o: posterior ilium/sacrum & coccyx
i: greater trochanter
movement: extension, external rotation

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16
Q

biceps femoris origin & insertion, movement

A

o: long head: ischial tuberosity, short head: linea aspera
i: head of fibula
m: knee flexion, external rotation of knee, hip extension, hip external rotation

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17
Q

semitendinosus origin & insertion, movement

A

o: ischial tuberosity
i: pes anserine
m: hip extension, hip internal rotation, knee flexion, knee internal rotation

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18
Q

semimembranosus origin & insertion, movement

A

o: ischial tuberosity
i: posterior medial tibial condyle
m: hip extension, hip internal rotation, knee flexion, knee internal rotation

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19
Q

semitendinosus vs semimembranosus

A

semitendinosus: further from bone
semimembranosus: closer to bone

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20
Q

hip abductors

A

tensor fascia latae, sartorius, gluteus medis, gluteus minimus

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21
Q

gluteus medius origin & insertion, movement

A

o: lateral ilium
i: posterior greater trochanter
m: abd, ext & in. rotation

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22
Q

gluteus minimus origin & insertion, movement

A

o: lateral ilium
i: anterior greater trochanter
m: abd, in. rotation

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23
Q

hip adductor muscles

A

adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor brevis, gracilis, pectineus

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24
Q

adductor longus origin & insertion, movement

A

o: anterior pubis
i: middle 1/3 linea aspera
m: adduction

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25
Q

adductor magnus origin & insertion, movement

A

o: pubis/ ischial tub
i: length of linea aspera
m: adduction, external rotation

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26
Q

adductor brevis origin & insertion, movement

A

o: pubis
i: upper lip of linea aspera
m: adduction, external rotation

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27
Q

gracilis origin & insertion, movement

A

o: pubis
i: pes anserine
m: hip internal rotation, adduction, knee flexion

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28
Q

hip external rotator muscles

A

gluteus maximum, sartorius, pectineus, iliopsoas, biceps femoris, 6 external rotators

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29
Q

hip internal rotators

A

gracilis, semitendonosus, semimembranosus

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30
Q

tibiofemoral type of joint and movement

A

hinge, flex & ext

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31
Q

patellofemoral type of joint and movement

A

gliding, sesamoid (patella) within the quads

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32
Q

mcl

A

media collateral ligament
2 layers, broad, prevents valgus (knock-knee)

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33
Q

lcl

A

lateral collateral ligament
thinner, ropelike, prevents verus (knees out)

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34
Q

acl

A

prevents anterior translation of tibia

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35
Q

pcl

A

prevents posterior translation of tibia

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36
Q

meniscus

A

cushion between bones, attach to tibial plateaus, thicker on the outside, medial side is more c shaped and bigger.
purpose is to deepen tibial fossa and enhance stability

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37
Q

degrees of knee movement

A

flexion: 130-140
extension: 0
hyperextension: 10

38
Q

scew home mechanism

A

due to shape of medial femoral condyle the joint must “screw home” to achieve the full knee extension.
approaching extension: tibia ex rot about 10 degrees
initial flexion: tibia int rot (unlocks)

39
Q

open chain

A

ext: tibia ER
flex: tibia IR

40
Q

closed chain

A

ext: femur IR
flex: femur ER

41
Q

knee extension muscles

A

aka quads
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis

42
Q

vastus lateralis origin & insertion

A

o: upper 2/3 femur
i: tib tub

43
Q

vastus intermedius origin & insertion

A

o: lateral femur
i: tib tub

44
Q

vastus medialis origin & insertion

A

o: linea aspera
i: tib tub

45
Q

knee flexion muscles

A

hamstrings (semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris), sartorius, gracilis, popliteus

46
Q

popliteus origin & insertion, movement

A

unlocking muscle
o: posterior lateral femoral condyle
i: posterior medial tibia
m: flex, IR

47
Q

internal hip rotator muscles

A

on medial side
gracilis, semimembranosus semitendonosus

48
Q

external hip rotator muscles

A

on lateral side
biceps femoris

49
Q

why don’t quads do knee rotation

A

they attach at tib tub

50
Q

what muscle acts as a decelerator

A

quads, decrease speed, change direction, prevent falling
should be 20-35% stronger than hamstrings

51
Q

what muscle acts as an accelerator

A

hamstrings, running muscle

52
Q

tib fib joint

A

holds tibia and fibula together, proximal and distal

53
Q

interosseous membrane

A

space between tib and fib that keeps it together

54
Q

talocrural joint type and movement

A

ankle joint
hinge
plantar/dorsiflexion

55
Q

subtalar joint type and movement

A

gliding (rocks back and forth)
inversion and eversion

56
Q

metatarsophalangeal joint movement

A

mtp
flexion/extension
ab (splay toes), adduction (squeeze toes)

57
Q

PIP

A

proximal interphalangeal joint

58
Q

DIP

A

distal interphalangeal joint

59
Q

IP joints

A

joint between phalanges
DIP, PIP
all toes have both except big toe (only has IP)

60
Q

types of phalanges in feet

A

proximal, middle, distal

61
Q

lateral ankle ligaments

A

protects against inversion
anterior talofibular ligament (ATF)
calcaneofibular ligament (CF)
posterior talofibular ligament (PTF)

62
Q

medial ankle ligaments

A

protects against eversion
deltoid ligament (series of multiple ligaments)

63
Q

3 types of aches

A

medial, lateral, and transverse

64
Q

medial and lateral arch origin & insertion

A

o: calcaneus
i: metatarsals

65
Q

transverse arch location

A

base of metatarsals

66
Q

high arch

A

pes cavus supinator

67
Q

low arch

A

pes planus pronator

68
Q

purpose of fascia

A

surrounds and binds each compartment
facilitate venous return
prevent excess swelling

69
Q

anterior compartment of leg movement

A

dorsiflexors

70
Q

lateral compartment of leg movement

71
Q

posterior compartment of leg movement

A

superficial: plantarflexors
deep: plantarflexors & invertors

72
Q

plantarflexor muscles (straight back)

A

gastrocnemius, soleus

73
Q

gastrocnemius origin & insertion, movement

A

o: femoral condyles
i: achilles tendon
m: knee flex, plantarflex

74
Q

soleus origin & insertion, movement

A

o: posterior tib & fib
i: achilles tendon
m: plantarflex

75
Q

plantarflexor muscles (medial)

A

tom dick harry muscles
posterior tibialis
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

76
Q

posterior tibialis origin & insertion, movement

A

o: upper interosseus & adjoining tib & fib
i: navicular, cuneiforms, & base of 2-5
m: foot inversion, plantar flexion

77
Q

flexor digitorum longus origin & insertion, movement

A

o: middle 1/3 posterior tibia
i: base 2-5 toes
m: foot inversion, toe flexion, plantarflexion

78
Q

flexor hallicis longus origin & insertion, movement

A

o: middle 2/3 posterior fib
i: base great toe
m: toe and plantar flexion, foot inversion

79
Q

plantarflexor muscles (lateral)

A

peroneus longus, peroneus brevis

80
Q

peroneus longus origin & insertion, movement

A

o: head & upper fib
i: plantar aspect of med cuneiform & 1st metatarsal
m: plantarflexion, eversion

81
Q

peroneus brevis origin & insertion, movement

A

o: lower 2/3 of fib
i: base of 5th metatarsal
m: plantarflexion, eversion

82
Q

dorsiflexor muscles

A

peroneus tertius, anterior tibialis, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallicus longus

83
Q

peroneus tertius origin & insertion, movement

A

o: distal 1/3 ant. fib
i: base of 5th metatarsal
m: eversion & dorsiflexion

84
Q

anterior tibialis origin & insertion, movement

A

o: upper 2/3 tibia
i: cuneiform & base of 1st metatarsal
m: inversion & dorsiflexion

85
Q

extensor digitorum longus origin & insertion, movement

A

o: lateral tibia condyle & head of fib
i: middle & distal 2-5 phalanges
m: eversion, dorsiflexion, toe extension

86
Q

extensor hallicus longus origin & insertion, movement

A

o: middle 2/3 fibula
i: base of distal 1st toe
m: dorsiflexion, toe extension

87
Q

leg invertors muscles (medial)

A

flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, posterior tibialis, and anterior tibialis

88
Q

leg evertors muscles (lateral)

A

peroneus longus, brevis, & tertius , extensor digitorum longus

89
Q

low arches vs flat feet

A

low: anatomical, non-weight-bearing
flat feet: collapsed arch due to standing, functional

90
Q

why are inversion sprain more common than eversion

A
  1. medial ligaments stronger
  2. fibula is longer and blocks eversion
  3. supination/ inversion (gait)
  4. more muscles on medial side
91
Q

how to isolate soleus muscle for stretching

A

bend the knee

kinesiology (2 decks)

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