Lower Extremity Flashcards by Dana Bitagon

Gluteus

maximus

O; Lateroposterior surface
of sacrum and coccyx,
Gluteal surface of ilium
(behind posterior gluteal
line), Thoracolumbar
fascia, Sacrotuberous
ligament

I; Iliotibial tract, Gluteal
tuberosity of femur

N; Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-
S2)

A; Hip joint: Thigh extension,
Thigh external rotation,
Thigh abduction (superior
part), Thigh adduction
(inferior part)

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Gluteus medius

O; Gluteal surface of ilium
(between anterior and
posterior gluteal lines)

I; Lateral aspect of greater
trochanter of femur

N; Superior gluteal nerve
(L4-S1)

A; Hip joint: Thigh abduction,
Thigh internal rotation
(anterior part); Pelvis stabilization

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Gluteus

minimus

O; Gluteal surface of ilium
(between anterior and
inferior gluteal lines)

I; Anterior aspect of
greater trochanter of
femur

N; Superior gluteal nerve
(L4-S1)

A; Hip joint: Thigh abduction,
Thigh internal rotation
(anterior part); Pelvis stabilization

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Tensor fasciae

latae

O; Anterior superior iliac
spine (ASIS), Outer lip of
iliac crest

I; Iliotibial tract

N; Superior gluteal nerve
(L4-S1)

A;Hip joint: Thigh internal
rotation, (Weak abduction);
Knee joint: Leg external
rotation, (Weak leg flexion/
extension); Stabilises hip &
knee joints

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Iliacus

O; Iliac fossa

I; Lesser trochanter of
femur

N; Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

A; Hip joint: Thigh/trunk
flexion, Thigh external
rotation; Trunk lateral
flexion (Psoas major/minor
only)

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Psoas major

O; Vertebral bodies of T12-
L4, Intervertebral discs
between T12-L4, Costal
processes of L1-L5
vertebrae

I; Lesser trochanter of
femur

N; Anterior rami of spinal
nerves L1-L3

A; Hip joint: Thigh/trunk
flexion, Thigh external
rotation; Trunk lateral
flexion (Psoas major/minor
only)

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Psoas minor

O; Vertebral bodies of T12 &
L1 vertebrae

I; Iliopubic eminence,
Pectineal line of pubis

N; Anterior rami of spinal
nerves L1-L3

A; Hip joint: Thigh/trunk
flexion, Thigh external
rotation; Trunk lateral
flexion (Psoas major/minor
only)

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Obturator

externus

O; Anterior surface of
obturator membrane,
Bony boundaries of
obturator foramen

I; Trochanteric fossa of
femur

N; Obturator nerve (L3, L4)

A; Hip joint: Thigh external
rotation, Thigh abduction
(from flexed hip); Stabilises
head of femur in
acetabulum

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Obturator

internus

O; Ischiopubic ramus,
Posterior surface of
obturator membrane

I; Medial surface of greater
trochanter of femur

N; Nerve to obturator
internus (L5, S1)

A; Hip joint: Thigh external
rotation, Thigh abduction
(from flexed hip); Stabilises
head of femur in
acetabulum

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Piriformis

O; Anterior surface of the
sacrum (between the S2
and S4), Gluteal surface
of ilium (near posterior
inferior iliac spine),
(Sacrotuberous
ligament)

I; Apex of greater
trochanter of femur

N; Nerve to piriformis
(S1-S2)

A; Hip joint: Thigh external
rotation, Thigh abduction
(from flexed hip); Stabilises
head of femur in
acetabulum

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Quadratus

femoris

O; Ischial tuberosity

I; Intertrochanteric crest of
femur

N; Nerve to quadratus
femoris (L4-S1)

A; Hip joint: Thigh external
rotation; Stabilises head of
femur in acetabulum

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Sartorius

O; Anterior superior iliac
spine (ASIS)

I; Proximal end of tibia
below medial condyle
(via pes anserinus)

N; Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

A; Hip joint: Thigh flexion,
Thigh abduction, Thigh
external rotation; Knee
joint: Leg flexion, Leg
internal rotation

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Rectus femoris

O; Anterior inferior iliac
spine, Supracetabluar
groove

I; Tibial tuberosity (via
patellar ligament), Patella

N; Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

A; Hip joint: Thigh flexion;
Knee joint: Leg extension

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Vastus

intermedius

O; Anterior surface of
femoral shaft

I; Tibial tuberosity (via
patellar ligament), Patella

N; Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

A; Knee joint: Leg extension

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Vastus lateralis

O; Linea aspera of femur,
Greater trochanter of
femur

I; Tibial tuberosity (via
patellar ligament), Patella,
(Lateral condyle of tibia)

N; Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

A; Knee joint: Leg extension

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Vastus medialis

O; Intertrochanteric line,
spiral line and linea
aspera, medial
supracondylar line of
femur

I; Tibial tuberosity (via
patellar ligament), Patella,
(Medial condyle of tibia)

N; Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

A; Knee joint: Leg extension

Semimembranosus

O; (Superolateral
impression of)
Ischial tuberosity

I; Medial condyle of tibia

N; Tibial division of sciatic
nerve (L5-S2)

A; Hip joint: Thigh extension,
Thigh internal rotation;
Knee joint: Leg flexion, Leg
internal rotation; Stabilises pelvis

Semitendinosus

O; (Posteromedial
impression of)
Ischial tuberosity

I; Proximal end of tibia
below medial condyle
(via pes anserinus)

N; Tibial division of sciatic
nerve (L5-S2)

A; Hip joint: Thigh extension,
Thigh internal rotation;
Knee joint: Leg flexion, Leg
internal rotation; Stabilises pelvis

Biceps femoris

O; Long head:
(Inferomedial
impression of)
Ischial tuberosity,
Sacrotuberous
ligament
Short head: Linea
aspera of femur
(lateral lip), Lateral
supracondylar line of
femur

I; (Lateral aspect of)
Head of fibula

N; Long head: Tibial division
of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
Short head: Common
fibular division of sciatic
nerve (L5-S2)

A; Hip joint: Thigh extension,
Thigh external rotation;
Knee joint: Leg flexion, Leg
external rotation; Stabilises
pelvis

Pectineus

O; Superior pubic ramus
(Pectineal line of pubis)

I; Pectineal line of femur,
Linea aspera of femur

N; Femoral nerve (L2, L3)
(Obturator nerve (L2, L3)

A; Hip joint: Thigh flexion,
Thigh adduction, Thigh
external rotation, Thigh
internal rotation; Pelvis
stabilization

Adductor

magnus

O; Adductor part: Inferior
pubic ramus, Ischial
ramus
Ischiocondylar part:
Ischial tuberosity

I; Adductor part: Gluteal
tuberosity, Linea aspera
(medial lip), Medial
supracondylar line
Ischiocondylar part:
Adductortubercle of
femur

N; Adductor part: Obturator
nerve (L2-L4)
Ischiocondylar part: Tibial
division of sciatic nerve
(L4)

A; Hip joint: Thigh flexion,
Thigh adduction, Thigh
external rotation (adductor
part), Thigh extension,
Thigh internal rotation
(ischiocondylar part); Pelvis
stabilization

Adductor

minimus

O; Inferior public ramus

I; Gluteal tuberosity of
femur

N; Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

A; Hip joint: Thigh adduction,
Thigh external rotation

Adductor

longus

O; Anterior body of pubis

I; Linea aspera of femur
(medial lip)

N; Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

A; Hip joint: Thigh flexion,
Thigh adduction, Thigh
external rotation; Pelvis
stabilization

Adductor brevis

O; Anterior body of pubis,
Inferior pubic ramus

I; Linea aspera of femur
(medial lip)

N; Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

A; Hip joint: Thigh flexion,
Thigh adduction, Thigh
external rotation; Pelvis
stabilization

Gracilis

O; Anterior body of pubis, Inferior pubic ramus, Ischial ramus I; Medial surface of proximal tibia (via pes anserinus) N; Obturator nerve (L2-L3) A; Hip joint: Thigh flexion, Thigh adduction; Knee joint: Leg flexion, Leg internal rotation

Tibialis anterior

O; Lateral tibial condyle, proximal half of lateral surface of tibia, Interosseous membrane I; Medial cuneiform bone, Base of metatarsal bone 1 N; Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5) ``` A; Talocrural Joint: Foot dorsiflexion; Subtalar joint: Foot inversion; Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot ```

Extensor | hallucis longus

O; (Middle third of ) Medial surface of fibula, Interosseous membrane I; Base of distal phalanx of great toe N; Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1) A; Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joint 1: Toe extension; Talocrural joint: Foot dorsiflexion

Extensor digitorum longus

O; (Proximal half of) Medial surface of fibula, Lateral tibial condyle, Interosseus membrane I; Distal and middle phalanges of digits 2-5 N; Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1) ``` A; Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints 2-5: Toe extension; Talocrural joint: Foot dorsiflexion; Subtalar joint: Foot eversion ```

Gastrocnemius

``` O; Lateral head: Posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle Medial head: Posterior surface of medial femoral condyle, Popliteal surface of femoral shaft ``` I; Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon) N; Tibial nerve (S1, S2) A; Talocrural joint: Foot plantar flexion; Knee joint: Leg flexion

Soleus

O; Soleal line, Medial border of tibia, Head of fibula, Posterior border of fibula I; Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon) N; Tibial nerve (S1, S2) A; Talocrural joint: Foot plantar flexion

Popliteus

O; Lateral femoral condyle, Posterior horn of lateral meniscus of knee joint I; Posterior surface of proximal tibia N; Tibial nerve (L5-S2) A; Unlocks knee joint; Knee joint stabilization

Tibialis | posterior

O; Posterior surface of tibia, Posterior surface of fibula, Interosseous membrane ``` I; Tuberosity of navicular bone, All cuneiform bones, bases of metatarsal bones 2-4 (Cuboid bone) ``` N; Tibial nerve (L4, L5) ``` A; Talocrural joint: Foot plantar flexion; Subtalar joint: Foot inversion; Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot ```

Plantaris

O; Lateral supracondylar line of femur, Oblique popliteal ligament of knee I; Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon) N; Tibial nerve (S1, S2) A; Talocrural joint: Foot plantar flexion; Knee joint: Knee flexion