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A&P II - Exam 2 > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

hip flexor innervation

A

L1-L3

femoral n

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2
Q

knee extension innervation

A

L4

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3
Q

heel walk innervation

A

L4-L5

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4
Q

ankle dorsiflexion innervation

A

L5

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5
Q

great toe extension innervation

A

L5

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6
Q

toe/plantar flexion

A

S1

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7
Q

hip/pelvis innervation is from __

to __

A

L1

S4

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8
Q

L1 nerves

A

iliohypogastric

ilioinguinal

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9
Q

root of genitofemoral n

A

L1/L2

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10
Q

root of lateral cutaneous n

A

L2/L3

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11
Q

femoral and obturator n root

A

L2-L4

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12
Q

superior gluteal n roots

A

L4-S1

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13
Q

inferior gluteal n roots

A

L5-S2

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14
Q

inferior gluteal n roots

A

L5-S2

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15
Q

sciatic n root innervation

A

L4-S3

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16
Q

posterior cutaneous n roots

A

S1-S3

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17
Q

pudendal n roots

A

S2-S4

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18
Q

hip flexion n

A

femoral

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19
Q

thigh adductors n

A

obturator

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20
Q

hip abduction n

A

superior gluteal

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21
Q

hip extension dermatomes

A

L5

S1

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22
Q

contents of SGT FOS

A

sartorius → femoral n

gracilis → obturator n

semitendinosus → sciatic n

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23
Q

action of the sartorius

A

weak:

flexes hip

abduction

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24
Q

action of the gracilis

A

knee flexion

internal rotation

weak thigh flexion and adduction

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25
Q

action of the semitendinosus

A

knee flexion

hip extensio

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26
Q

insertion of pes anserinus

A

anteromedial surface of proximal tibia

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27
Q

what lies below the pes anserinus

A

bursa

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28
Q

what happens with inflammation of medial portion of the knee

A

pes anserinus bursitis → chronic pain/weakness

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29
Q

what nerves are associated w. the muscles of the lower leg

A

tibial n

common fibular n

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30
Q

the common fibular nerve branches into the (2)

A

deep peroneal/fibular n

superficial peroneal/fibular n

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31
Q

roots of the tibial n

A

L4-S3

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32
Q

roots of the deep peroneal/fibular n

A

L4-L5

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33
Q

roots of the superficial peroneal/fibular n

A

L5

S1

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34
Q

what n innervates the posterior compartment of the lower leg

A

tibial

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35
Q

deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the lower leg

A

tom, dick, harry

posterior tibialis

flexor digitorum longus

flexor hallicus longus

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36
Q

superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the lower leg (2)

A

gastrocnemius

soleus

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37
Q

fxn of tom, dick, harry

A

plantar flexion

invert foot

flex toes

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38
Q

damage to tibial n

A

can’t toe walk

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39
Q

the anterior compartment of the lower leg is innervated by

A

deep peroneal/fibular n

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40
Q

muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg (4)

A

tibialis anterior

extensor hallucis longus

extensor digitorum longus

fibularis tertius

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41
Q

fxn of the anterior portion of the lower leg

A

dorsiflex foot

invert foot

extend toes

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42
Q

what n innervates the lateral compartment of the lower leg

A

superficial peroneal/fibular

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43
Q

muscles of the lateral lower leg

A

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

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44
Q

fxn of the lateral compartment of the lower leg

A

foot eversion

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45
Q

if only the deep peroneal/fibular n is damaged __ will be affected

but __ will be spared

A

dorsiflexion

eversion

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46
Q

the common peroneal/fibular n divides into the __

and __ nerves

and is adjacent to the __

A

deep peroneal/fibular v

superficial peroneal/fibular v

proximal fibula laterally

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47
Q

a lateral proximal fibula fx might damage the __ nerve,

and the patient would not be able to __ (2)

A

dorsiflex foot

AND

evert foot

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48
Q

the common peroneal n and deep peroneal n both have __ root innervation

A

L5

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49
Q

if a pt has foot drop, you might suspect damage to __ nerve (2)

A

common peroneal/fibular

OR

deep peroneal fibular

50
Q

to evaluate hip flexion, test

51
Q

the tarsal tunnel is located on the __ aspect of the ankle

A

posteromedial

52
Q

fxn of the tarsal tunnel

A

passageway for tendons, nerves, vessels to travel to posterior leg and foot

53
Q

floor of the tarsal tunnel

A

medial aspect of tibia

talus

calcaneus

54
Q

roof of tarsal tunnel

A

flexor retinaculum

55
Q

the tarsal tunnel is converted to a tunnel by the

A

flexor retinaculum

56
Q

the nerves of the tarsal tunnel pass under the

A

flexor retinaculum

57
Q

the flexor retinaculum spans obliquely between the __

and the __

A

medial malleolus

medial tubercle of calcaneus

58
Q

the retinaculum is continuous with the

A

deep fascia of the leg and foot

59
Q

contents of the tarsal tunnel

A

tom, dick, bloody nervous harry

tibialis posterior

flexor digitorum longus

flexor hallicus longus

posterior tibial artery and vein

tibial n

60
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the

61
Q

how do you test for tarsal tunnel

A

tinel test → tap ankle just below medial malleolus

positive if tingling/pain

62
Q

tinel test tests the __ n

just below the __ m

A

tibial n

flexor digitorum longus

63
Q

two ways to assess for tarsal tunnel

A

tinel test

nerve conduction studies (NCS)/nerve velocity study (NCV)

64
Q

NCS/NCV measures

A

how fast impulse travels thru the nerve

65
Q

3 mechanisms of ankle fx

A

lateral

medial

syndesmotic

66
Q

inversion lateral ligament injuries are __% of all ankle sprains

and cause injury to the __ ligament

67
Q

what is the deltoid ligament complex

A

posterior tibiotalar (PTTL)

tibiocalcaneal (TCL)

tibionavicular (TNL)

anterior tibiotalar (ATTL)

68
Q

the deltoid ligament complex is injured with __

and __

A

pronation

rotation of hindfoot

69
Q

the tibiofibular syndemosis (interosseous ligament) can be sprained with __ of the leg

and __ of the ankle

A

external rotation

dorsiflexion

70
Q

lateral inversion and plantarflexion of the ankle causes injury to

A

ATFL

CFL

PTFL

71
Q

medial eversion of the ankle causes damage to the

A

PTTL

TCL

TNL

ATTL

72
Q

external rotation and dorsiflexion causes a __ ankle sprain

and damage to __ ligaments

A

high

anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

transverse tibiofibular ligament

interosseous membrane

interosseous ligament

inferior transverse ligament

73
Q

high ankle sprain is a __ injury

A

syndemosis

74
Q

passive inversion or plantar flexion with inversion should replicate symptoms for

A

lateral ligament sprain

75
Q

passive eversion should replicate symptoms for a

A

medial ligament sprain

76
Q

ottawa ankle rules

A

MRI required if

    1. unable to bear weight
  2. medial or lateral malleolus point bony tenderness
  3. 5th metatarsal tenderness
  4. navicular tenderness
77
Q

what is a maisonneuvre fx

A

medial malleolus fx w. proximal fibular fx

→ proximal fibular and syndemosis widening of tibia

78
Q

serious complication of DVT

A

pulmonary emboli

79
Q

where can DVTs occur

A

proximal portion of greater saphenous v in thigh

deep veins of leg, thigh, pelvis

80
Q

deep veins of leg, thigh, pelvis (7)

A

anterior tibial

posterior tibial

peroneal (fibular)

popliteal

femoral

deep femoral

pelvic

81
Q

predisposing factors to DVT

A

HTN

DM

pregnancy

OCPs

obesity

bed-ridden

sedentary

82
Q

virchow’s triad

A

stasis

vascular injury

hypercoaguable state/hemodynamic instability

83
Q

T10

84
Q

L1

85
Q

perineum

86
Q

anal sphincter

A

S4, S5

+/- S3

87
Q

heel walking

88
Q

hip flexion

89
Q

hip extension

90
Q

knee extension

91
Q

knee flexion

92
Q

ankle dorsiflexion

93
Q

great toe extension

94
Q

great toe flexion

95
Q

plantarflexion of toes and foot

96
Q

correct place to give intramuscular injxn

A

upper lateral quadrant → gluteus medius

far from sciatic n and blood supply of other quadrants

97
Q

fxn of femoral triangle

A

passage of main bv between pelvis and lower limb

nerve supply to thigh

98
Q

borders of femoral triangle

A

SAIL

sartorius

adductor longus

inguinal ligament

99
Q

lateral border of femoral triangle

100
Q

medial border of femoral triangle

A

adductor longus

101
Q

base (superior border) of femoral triangle

A

inguinal ligament

102
Q

floor of femoral triangle

A

PIPA

psoas major

iliacus

pectineus

adductor longus

103
Q

roof of femoral triangle

A

fascia lata

superficial fascia

skin

104
Q

contents of femoral triangle

A

NAVEL

femoral nerve

femoral artery

femoral vein

femoral canal: empty space

lymphatics

105
Q

clinical significance of femoral triangle

A

femoral pulse

vascular catheritization

femoral hernias

106
Q

superiomedial border of popliteal fossa

A

semimembranosus

semitendinosus

107
Q

lateral border of popliteal fossa

A

biceps femoris

108
Q

inferior border of popliteal fossa

A

gastrocnemius (lateral and medial heads)

109
Q

floor of popliteal fossa

A

knee joint capsule

distal femur

proximal tibia

popliteal m

110
Q

roof of popliteal fossa

A

popliteal fascia

111
Q

nerves of popliteal fossa

A

tibial

common fibular (peroneal)

sural

posterior femoral cutaneous

112
Q

vessels of popliteal fossa

A

popliteal a

popliteal v

short saphenous v

113
Q

lymph nodes of popliteal fossa

A

superficial and deep popliteal nodes

114
Q

what is the terrible triad

A

ACL

MCL

medial meniscus

115
Q

mc knee ligament injury

A

MCL

ACL is also common

116
Q

lisfranc fx

A

fx where metatarsal bones connect to the rest of the foot

rodeo injury

117
Q

5th metatarsal fx

118
Q

complication of talus fx

A

avascular necrosis dt damage of posterior tibial a

119
Q

osteochondral fx

A

bone chip floats around and causes pain

120
Q

rotation injuries of knee often involve

121
Q

pop and effusion injuries of knee are often

A&P II - Exam 2 (3 decks)

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